In this study I would like to explore the meaning of ‘atonement’. I want to see how atonement, ‘kippurim’, is used and what it means. Lets begin by examining what Strong’s concordance tells us about the Hebrew word for ‘kippur’:
3725 kippur, kip-poor'; from 3722; expiation (only in plural):-atonement.
----------------- Dictionary Trace --------------------- 3722 kaphar, kaw-far'; a prim. root; to cover (spec. with bitumen); fig. to expiate or condone, to placate or cancel:-appease, make (an) atonement, cleanse, disannul, forgive, be merciful, pacify, pardon, purge (away), put off, (make) reconcile (-liation).
Shemot
(Exodus) 29:35-37 "Do for Aaron and his sons everything I have
commanded you, taking seven days to ordain them. Sacrifice
a bull each day as a sin offering to make atonement.
Purify the altar by making atonement for it, and anoint it to consecrate
it. For seven days make atonement for the altar and consecrate it. Then the
altar will be most holy, and whatever touches it will be holy.
1. The Altar was
purified by making atonement for it.
Shemot (Exodus) 30:6-10 Put the altar in front of the curtain that
is before the ark of the Testimony--before the atonement cover that is over the
Testimony--where I will meet with you. "Aaron must burn fragrant incense on the altar every morning when he tends the lamps.
He must burn incense again when he lights the lamps at twilight so incense will
burn regularly before HaShem for the generations to come. Do not offer on this altar any
other incense or any burnt offering or grain
offering, and do not pour a drink offering on it. Once a year Aaron shall make atonement
on its horns. This annual atonement must be made with the blood of the atoning
sin offering for the generations to come. It is most holy to HaShem."
2. Atonement was made
on the horns of the altar.
Shemot (Exodus) 30:11-16 Then HaShem said to Moses, "When you
take a census of the Israelites to count them, each
one must pay HaShem a ransom for his life at the time he is counted. Then no plague will come on them when you number them Each one
who crosses over to those already counted is to give a half shekel, according
to the sanctuary shekel, which weighs twenty gerahs. This half shekel is an
offering to HaShem. All who cross over, those twenty years old or more, are to
give an offering to HaShem. The rich are not to give more than a half shekel
and the poor are not to give less when you make the offering to HaShem to atone
for your lives. Receive the atonement money from the Israelites and use
it for the service of the Tent of Meeting. It will be a memorial for the
Israelites before HaShem, making atonement for your lives."
3. Money is used to
make atonement for or to ransom the life of as Israelite.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:26-32 HaShem said to Moses, "The tenth day
of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. Hold a
sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present an
offering made to HaShem by fire.
Do no work on that day, because it is the Day of
Atonement, when atonement is made for you before HaShem your God. Anyone
who does not deny himself on that day must be cut off from his people. I will
destroy from among his people anyone who does any work on that day. You shall
do no work at all. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live. It is a Sabbath of rest for you, and you must deny yourselves.
From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you
are to observe your Sabbath."
4. The tenth day of
the seventh month is the time for atonement. Was the census taken then?
Bamidbar (Numbers) 5:5-10 HaShem said to Moses, "Say to the Israelites: 'When a man or woman wrongs another in any
way and so is unfaithful to HaShem, that person is guilty And must confess the sin he has committed. He must make full restitution for his
wrong, add one fifth to it and give it all to the person he has wronged. But if
that person has no close relative to whom restitution can be made for the
wrong, the restitution belongs to HaShem and must be given to the priest, along with the ram with which atonement
is made for him. All the sacred contributions the Israelites bring to a priest
will belong to him. Each man's sacred gifts are his own, but what he gives to
the priest will belong to the priest.'"
5. A ram was used to
atone for sins between man and man, which makes us unfaithful to HaShem.
Bamidbar (Numbers) 29:7-11 "'On the tenth day of this seventh
month hold a sacred assembly. You must deny yourselves and do no work. Present
as an aroma pleasing to HaShem a burnt offering of
one young bull, one ram and seven male lambs a year
old, all without defect. With the bull prepare a grain offering of three-tenths
of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths; And with
each of the seven lambs, one-tenth. Include one male goat as a sin offering, in
addition to the sin offering for atonement and the regular burnt
offering with its grain offering, and their drink offerings.
6. The goat on Yom HaKippurim was used for atonement.
3722 kaphar, kaw-far'; a prim. root; to cover (spec. with bitumen); fig. to expiate or condone, to placate or cancel:-appease, make (an) atonement, cleanse, disannul, forgive, be merciful, pacify, pardon, purge (away), put off, (make) reconcile (-liation).
Bereshit
(Genesis) 32:17-21 He instructed the one in the lead: "When my brother
Esau meets you and asks, 'To whom do you belong, and where are you going, and
who owns all these animals in front of you?' Then you are to say, 'They belong
to your servant Jacob. They are a gift sent to my HaShem
Esau, and he is coming behind us.'" He also
instructed the second, the third and all the others who followed the herds:
"You are to say the same thing to Esau when you meet him. And be sure to
say, 'Your servant Jacob is coming behind us.'" For he thought, "I
will pacify him with these gifts I am sending on ahead; later, when I
see him, perhaps he will receive me." So Jacob's gifts went on ahead of
him, but he himself spent the night in the camp.
1. Atonement that
means to `pacify'.
Shemot (Exodus) 29:29-37 "Aaron's sacred garments will belong
to his descendants so that they can be anointed and ordained in them. The son
who succeeds him as priest and comes to the Tent of
Meeting to minister in the
2. How does atonement
fit with ordination? 3. Why does the Altar need atonement?
Shemot (Exodus) 30:7-10 "Aaron must burn fragrant incense on
the altar every morning when he tends the lamps. He must burn incense again when he lights the lamps at twilight so
incense will burn regularly before HaShem for the generations to come. Do not offer on this altar any
other incense or any burnt offering or grain
offering, and do not pour a drink offering on it. Once a year Aaron shall make atonement
on its horns. This annual atonement must be made with the blood of the
atoning sin offering for the generations to come. It is most holy to HaShem."
Shemot
(Exodus) 30:11-16 Then HaShem said to Moses, "When you take a census
of the Israelites to count them, each one must pay HaShem
a ransom for his life at the time he is counted. Then no plague
will come on them when you number them. Each one who crosses over to those
already counted is to give a half shekel, according to the sanctuary shekel,
which weighs twenty gerahs. This half shekel is an offering to HaShem. All who
cross over, those twenty years old or more, are to give an offering to HaShem. The
rich are not to give more than a half shekel and the poor are not to give less
when you make the offering to HaShem to atone for your lives. Receive
the atonement money from the
Israelites and use it for the service of the Tent of Meeting. It will be a
memorial for the Israelites before HaShem, making atonement for your
lives."
4. Here we see both
words (kippur and kaphar) used within the same context.
Shemot (Exodus) 32:25-30 Moses saw that the people were running wild
and that Aaron had let them get out of control and so become a laughingstock to
their enemies. So he stood at the entrance to the camp and said, "Whoever
is for HaShem, come to me." And all the Levites rallied to him. Then he
said to them, "This is what HaShem, the God of
Vayikra
(Leviticus) 1:2-4 "Speak to the Israelites and say to them: 'When any
of you brings an offering to HaShem, bring as your offering an animal from
either the herd or the flock. "'If the offering is a burnt offering from
the herd, he is to offer a male without defect. He must present it at the
entrance to the Tent of Meeting so that it will be
acceptable to HaShem. He is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, and it will be accepted on his behalf
to make atonement for him.
Vayikra
(Leviticus) 4:13-21 "'If the whole Israelite community sins
unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of HaShem’s
commands, even though the community is unaware of the matter, they are guilty. When
they become aware of the sin they committed, the
assembly must bring a young bull as a sin offering
and present it before the Tent of Meeting. The
elders of the community are to lay their hands on the bull's head before HaShem,
and the bull shall be slaughtered before HaShem. Then the anointed priest is to take some of the bull's blood into the
Tent of Meeting. He shall dip his finger into the blood and sprinkle it before HaShem
seven times in front of the curtain. He is to put some
of the blood on the horns of the altar that is before HaShem in the Tent of
Meeting. The rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt
offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. He shall remove all the fat
from it and burn it on the altar, And do with this bull just as he did with the
bull for the sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement
for them, and they will be forgiven. Then he shall take the bull outside the
camp and burn it as he burned the first bull. This is the sin offering for the
community.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 4:22-26 "'When a leader sins unintentionally
and does what is forbidden in any of the commands of HaShem
his God, he is guilty. When he is made aware of the sin he committed, he must
bring as his offering a male goat without defect. He is to lay his hand on the
goat's head and slaughter it at the place where the burnt offering is
slaughtered before HaShem. It is a sin offering. Then the priest shall take
some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns
of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base
of the altar. He shall burn all the fat on the altar as he burned the fat of
the fellowship offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for
the man's sin, and he will be forgiven.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 4:27-35 "'If a member of the community sins
unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of HaShem’s commands, he is
guilty. When he is made aware of the sin he committed, he must bring as his
offering for the sin he committed a female goat without defect. He is to lay
his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it at the place of the
burnt offering. Then the priest is to take some of the blood with his finger
and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of
the blood at the base of the altar. He shall remove all the fat, just as the
fat is removed from the fellowship offering, and the priest shall burn it on
the altar as an aroma pleasing to HaShem. In this way the priest will make atonement
for him, and he will be forgiven.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 4:32 "'If he brings a lamb as his sin
offering, he is to bring a female without defect. He is to lay his hand on its
head and slaughter it for a sin offering at the place where the burnt offering
is slaughtered. Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin
offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering
and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. He shall remove
all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the lamb of the fellowship
offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar on top of the offerings
made to HaShem by fire. In this way the priest will
make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be
forgiven.
Atonement
without blood, using flour!
Many Mashiachians have said, “that without the shedding of blood there is no atonement. They derive this Bereans (Hebrews) 9:22. However a careful reading will show that the passage does NOT actually say this:
Bereans (Hebrews) 9:21-22 Moreover the tabernacle and
all the vessels of the ministry he sprinkled in like manner with the blood. 22 And
according to the law, I may almost
say, all things are cleansed with blood, and apart from shedding of blood there
is no remission.
Thus we see that the passage says “almost”. We can see by the context that this is speaking of atonement from the fact that it affects the altar too. Since we now know that there is an exception, what is the exception? What non-blood substance provides atonement? The following pasuk indicates that flour can also provide atonement.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 5:1-18 "'If a person sins because he does not
speak up when he hears a public charge to testify regarding something he has
seen or learned about, he will be held responsible. "'Or if a person
touches anything ceremonially unclean--whether the carcasses of unclean wild
animals or of unclean livestock or of unclean creatures that move along the
ground--even though he is unaware of it, he has become unclean and is guilty. "'Or
if he touches human uncleanness--anything that would make him unclean--even
though he is unaware of it, when he learns of it he will be guilty. "'Or
if a person thoughtlessly takes an oath to do anything, whether good or
evil--in any matter one might carelessly swear about--even though he is unaware
of it, in any case when he learns of it he will be guilty. "'When anyone
is guilty in any of these ways, he must confess in what way he has sinned And,
as a penalty for the sin he has committed, he must bring
to HaShem a female lamb or goat from the flock as a sin offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.
"'If he cannot afford a lamb, he is to bring two
doves or two young pigeons to HaShem as a penalty for his sin--one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. He is
to bring them to the priest, who shall first offer the one for the sin
offering. He is to wring its head from its neck, not
severing it completely, And is to sprinkle some of the blood of the sin
offering against the side of the altar; the rest of the blood must be drained
out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering. The priest shall then offer
the other as a burnt offering in the prescribed way
and make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be
forgiven. "'If, however, he cannot afford two doves or two young pigeons, he is to bring as an offering for his sin a tenth of an
ephah of fine flour for a sin offering. He must not put oil or incense on it, because it is a sin offering. He is to
bring it to the priest, who shall take a handful of it as a memorial portion
and burn it on the altar on top of the offerings made to HaShem
by fire. It is a sin offering. In this way the priest
will make atonement for him for any of these sins
he has committed, and he will be forgiven. The rest of the offering will belong
to the priest, as in the case of the grain offering.'" HaShem said to
Moses: "When a person commits a violation and sins unintentionally in regard
to any of HaShem’s holy things, he is to bring to HaShem as a penalty a ram
from the flock, one without defect and of the proper value in silver, according
to the sanctuary shekel. It is a guilt offering. He must make restitution for
what he has failed to do in regard to the holy things, add a fifth of the value
to that and give it all to the priest, who will make atonement for him
with the ram as a guilt offering, and he will be forgiven. "If a person
sins and does what is forbidden in any of HaShem’s commands, even though he
does not know it, he is guilty and will be held responsible. He is to bring to
the priest as a guilt offering a ram from the flock, one without defect and of
the proper value. In this way the priest will make atonement
for him for the wrong he has committed unintentionally, and he will be
forgiven.
Vayikra
(Leviticus) 6:1-7 HaShem said to Moses: "If
anyone sins and is unfaithful to HaShem by deceiving his
neighbor about something entrusted to him or left in his care or stolen, or if
he cheats him, Or if he finds lost property and lies about it, or if he swears
falsely, or if he commits any such sin that people may do-- When he thus sins
and becomes guilty, he must return what he has stolen or taken by extortion, or
what was entrusted to him, or the lost property he found, Or whatever it was he
swore falsely about. He must make restitution in full, add a fifth of the value
to it and give it all to the owner on the day he presents his guilt offering. And
as a penalty he must bring to the priest, that is,
to HaShem, his guilt offering, a ram from the flock, one without defect and of
the proper value. In this way the priest will make atonement for him
before HaShem, and he will be forgiven for any of these things he did that made
him guilty."
Vayikra (Leviticus) 7:7 "'The same law
applies to both the sin offering and the guilt offering: They belong to the
priest who makes atonement with them.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 8:31-34 Moses then said to Aaron and his sons,
"Cook the meat at the entrance to the Tent of
Meeting and eat it there with the bread from the basket of ordination
offerings, as I commanded, saying, 'Aaron and his sons are to eat it.' Then burn up the rest of the meat and the
bread. Do not leave the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for seven
days, until the days of your ordination are completed, for your ordination will
last seven days. What has been done today was commanded by HaShem to make atonement
for you.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 9:7 Moses said to Aaron, "Come to the
altar and sacrifice your sin offering and your burnt offering and make atonement for yourself
and the people; sacrifice the offering that is for the people and make
atonement for them, as HaShem has commanded."
Vayikra (Leviticus) 10:16-17 When Moses inquired about the goat of the
sin offering and found that it had been burned up, he was angry with Eleazar
and Ithamar, Aaron's remaining sons, and asked, "Why didn't you eat the
sin offering in the sanctuary area? It is most holy; it was given to you to
take away the guilt of the community by making atonement for them before
HaShem.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 12:6-8 "'When the days of her purification
for a son or daughter are over, she is to bring to the priest at the entrance
to the Tent of Meeting a year-old lamb for a burnt offering and a young pigeon
or a dove for a sin offering. He shall offer them before HaShem to make atonement
for her, and then she will be ceremonially clean from her flow of blood.
"'These are the regulations for the woman who gives birth to a boy or a
girl. If she cannot afford a lamb, she is to bring two doves or two young
pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. In this way
the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.'"
Vayikra (Leviticus) 14:14-31 The priest is to take some of the blood of
the guilt offering and put it on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be
cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. The
priest shall then take some of the log of oil, pour it in the palm of his own
left hand, Dip his right forefinger into the oil in his palm, and with his
finger sprinkle some of it before HaShem seven times. The priest is to put some
of the oil remaining in his palm on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be
cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot,
on top of the blood of the guilt offering. The rest of the oil in his palm the priest shall put on the head of
the one to be cleansed and make atonement for him before HaShem. "Then the priest
is to sacrifice the sin offering and make atonement
for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. After that, the priest shall
slaughter the burnt offering And offer it on the
altar, together with the grain offering, and make atonement for him, and
he will be clean. "If, however, he is poor and cannot afford these, he
must take one male lamb as a guilt offering to be waved to make atonement
for him, together with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil for a
grain offering, a log of oil, And two doves or two young
pigeons, which he can afford, one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt
offering. "On the eighth day he must bring them for his cleansing to the
priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting,
before HaShem. The priest is to take the lamb for the guilt offering, together
with the log of oil, and wave them before HaShem as a wave offering. He shall
slaughter the lamb for the guilt offering and take some of its blood and put it
on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his
right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. The priest is to pour some of
the oil into the palm of his own left hand, And with his right forefinger
sprinkle some of the oil from his palm seven times before HaShem. Some of the
oil in his palm he is to put on the same places he put the blood of the guilt
offering--on the lobe of the right ear of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb
of his right hand and on the big toe of his right foot. The rest of the oil in his
palm the priest shall put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement
for him before HaShem. Then he shall sacrifice the doves or the young pigeons,
which the person can afford, One as a sin offering and the other as a burnt
offering, together with the grain offering. In this way the priest will make atonement
before HaShem on behalf of the one to be cleansed."
Atonement for a
house???
Vayikra (Leviticus) 14:48-53 "But if the priest comes to examine it
and the mildew has not spread after the house has been plastered, he shall
pronounce the house clean, because the mildew is gone. To purify the house he
is to take two birds and some cedar wood, scarlet yarn and hyssop. He shall
kill one of the birds over fresh water in a clay pot. Then he is to take the
cedar wood, the hyssop, the scarlet yarn and the live bird, dip them into the
blood of the dead bird and the fresh water, and sprinkle the house seven times.
He shall purify the house with the bird's blood, the fresh water, the live
bird, the cedar wood, the hyssop and the scarlet yarn. Then he is to release
the live bird in the open fields outside the town. In this way he will make atonement for the house, and it will be
clean."
Vayikra (Leviticus) 15:13-15 "'When a man is cleansed from his
discharge, he is to count off seven days for his ceremonial cleansing; he must
wash his clothes and bathe himself with fresh water,
and he will be clean. On the eighth day he must take two doves or two young
pigeons and come before HaShem to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and give
them to the priest. The priest is to sacrifice them, the one for a sin offering
and the other for a burnt offering. In this way he will make atonement
before HaShem for the man because of his discharge.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 15:25-30 "'When a woman has a discharge of
blood for many days at a time other than her monthly period or has a discharge
that continues beyond her period, she will be unclean as long as she has the
discharge, just as in the days of her period. Any bed she lies on while her
discharge continues will be unclean, as is her bed during her monthly period,
and anything she sits on will be unclean, as during her period. Whoever touches
them will be unclean; he must wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he
will be unclean till evening. "'When she is cleansed from her discharge,
she must count off seven days, and after that she will
be ceremonially clean. On the eighth day she must take two doves or two young
pigeons and bring them to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. The priest
is to sacrifice one for a sin offering and the other
for a burnt offering. In this way he will make atonement for her before HaShem for the uncleanness of her discharge.
Yom HaKippurim (Day
of Atonements)!
Vayikra (Leviticus) 16:1-34 HaShem spoke to Moses after the death of
the two sons of Aaron who died when they approached HaShem.
HaShem said to Moses: "Tell your brother Aaron not to come whenever he
chooses into the
Vayikra (Leviticus) 17:10-11 "'Any Israelite or any alien living
among them who eats any blood--I will set my face against that person who eats
blood and will cut him off from his people. For the life of a creature is in
the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves
on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonement for one's life.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 19:20-22 "'If a man sleeps
with a woman who is a slave girl promised to another man but who has not been
ransomed or given her freedom, there must be due
punishment. Yet they are not to be put to death, because she had not been
freed. The man, however, must bring a ram to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for a guilt offering to HaShem. With
the ram of the guilt offering the priest is to make atonement for him
before HaShem for the sin he has committed, and his sin
will be forgiven.
Kippurim and kaphar in the same verse:
Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:28 Do no work on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you
before HaShem your God.
Bamidbar
(Numbers) 5:6-8 "Say to the Israelites:
'When a man or woman wrongs another in any way and so is unfaithful to HaShem,
that person is guilty And must confess the sin he has committed. He must make
full restitution for his wrong, add one fifth to it and give it all to the
person he has wronged. But if that person has no close relative to whom
restitution can be made for the wrong, the restitution belongs to HaShem and
must be given to the priest, along with the ram with which atonement is
made for him.
A Nazarite:
Bamidbar (Numbers) 6:5-11 "'During the entire period of his vow
of separation no razor may be used on his head. He must
be holy until the period of his separation to HaShem
is over; he must let the hair of his head grow long. Throughout
the period of his separation to HaShem he must not go near a dead body. Even if
his own father or mother or brother or sister dies, he must not make himself
ceremonially unclean on account of them, because the symbol of his separation
to God is on his head. Throughout the period of his separation he is
consecrated to HaShem. "'If someone dies suddenly in his presence, thus
defiling the hair he has dedicated, he must shave his head on the day of his
cleansing--the seventh day. Then on the eighth day he must bring two doves or
two young pigeons to the priest at the entrance to the Tent
of Meeting. The priest is to offer one as a sin
offering and the other as a burnt offering to
make atonement for him because he sinned by being
in the presence of the dead body. That same day he is to consecrate his head.
Bamidbar (Numbers) 8:6-14 "Take the Levites from among the other
Israelites and make them ceremonially clean. To
purify them, do this: Sprinkle the water of cleansing on them; then have them
shave their whole bodies and wash their clothes, and so
purify themselves. Have them take a young bull with its grain offering of fine
flour mixed with oil; then you are to take a second young bull for a sin
offering. Bring the Levites to the front of the Tent of Meeting and assemble
the whole Israelite community. You are to bring the Levites before HaShem, and
the Israelites are to lay their hands on them. Aaron is to present the Levites
before HaShem as a wave offering from the Israelites, so that they may be ready
to do the work of HaShem. "After the Levites lay their hands on the heads
of the bulls, use the one for a sin offering to HaShem and the other for a
burnt offering, to make atonement for the Levites. Have the Levites
stand in front of Aaron and his sons and then present them as a wave offering
to HaShem. In this way you are to set the Levites apart from the other
Israelites, and the Levites will be mine.
Bamidbar (Numbers) 8:21 Of all the Israelites, I have given the
Levites as gifts to Aaron and his sons to do the work at the Tent of Meeting on
behalf of the Israelites and to make atonement for them so that no plague will strike the Israelites when they go near the
sanctuary." Moses, Aaron and the whole Israelite community did with the
Levites just as HaShem commanded Moses. The Levites purified themselves and washed their clothes. Then Aaron presented them as a wave
offering before HaShem and made atonement for them to purify them.
Bamidbar (Numbers) 15:22-29 "'Now if you unintentionally fail to
keep any of these commands HaShem gave Moses-- Any of HaShem’s
commands to you through him, from the day HaShem gave them and continuing
through the generations to come-- And if this is done unintentionally without
the community being aware of it, then the whole community is to offer a young
bull for a burnt offering as an aroma pleasing to HaShem, along with its
prescribed grain offering and drink offering, and a male goat for a sin offering.
The priest is to make atonement for the whole Israelite community, and
they will be forgiven, for it was not intentional and they have brought to HaShem
for their wrong an offering made by fire and a sin offering. The whole
Israelite community and the aliens living among them will be forgiven, because
all the people were involved in the unintentional wrong. "'But if just one
person sins unintentionally, he must bring a year-old female goat for a sin
offering. The priest is to make atonement
before HaShem for the one who erred by sinning unintentionally, and when atonement
has been made for him, he will be forgiven. One and the same law
applies to everyone who sins unintentionally, whether he
is a native-born Israelite or an alien.
Incense for
atonement:
Bamidbar (Numbers) 16:47 Then Moses said to Aaron, "Take your
censer and put incense in it, along with fire from the altar, and hurry to the assembly to make atonement
for them. Wrath has come out from HaShem; the plague has started." So Aaron did as Moses said,
and ran into the midst of the assembly. The plague had already started among
the people, but Aaron offered the incense and made atonement for them.
Atonement made by
killing the wicked!
Bamidbar (Numbers) 25:10-13 HaShem said to Moses, "Phinehas son of
Eleazar, the son of Aaron, the priest, has turned my
anger away from the Israelites; for he was as zealous as I am for my honor
among them, so that in my zeal I did not put an end to them. Therefore tell him
I am making my covenant of peace with him. He and his descendants will have a
covenant of a lasting priesthood, because he was zealous for the honor of his
God and made atonement for the Israelites."
Bamidbar
(Numbers) 28:26-30 "'On the day of firstfruits,
when you present to HaShem an offering of new grain during the Feast of Weeks, hold a sacred
assembly and do no regular work. Present a burnt
offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old as an aroma pleasing to HaShem.
With each bull there is to be a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of
fine flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths; And with each of the seven
lambs, one-tenth. Include one male goat to make atonement for you.
Bamidbar (Numbers) 29:1-5 "'On the first
day of the seventh month hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. It
is a day for you to sound the trumpets. As an aroma
pleasing to HaShem, prepare a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram and
seven male lambs a year old, all without defect. With the bull prepare a grain
offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; with the
ram, two-tenths; And with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth. Include one male
goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you.
Gold for atonement:
Bamidbar (Numbers) 31:48-52 Then the officers who were over the units
of the army--the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds--went to
Moses And said to him, "Your servants have counted the soldiers under our
command, and not one is missing. So we have brought as an offering to HaShem
the gold articles each of us acquired--armlets, bracelets, signet rings,
earrings and necklaces--to make atonement for ourselves before HaShem."
Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted from them the gold--all the crafted
articles. All the gold from the commanders of thousands and commanders of
hundreds that Moses and Eleazar presented as a gift to HaShem weighed 16,750
shekels.
The wicked as
atonement for
II Shmuel (Samuel) 21:2-6 The king summoned the Gibeonites and spoke
to them. (Now the Gibeonites were not a part of
I Divrei HaYamim (Chronicles) 6:49 But Aaron and his descendants were the ones
who presented offerings on the altar of burnt offering and on the altar of incense in connection with all that was done in the
II
Divrei HaYamim (Chronicles) 29:23-24 The goats for the sin
offering were brought before the king and the assembly, and they laid their
hands on them. The priests then slaughtered the
goats and presented their blood on the altar for a sin offering to atone
for all Israel, because the king had ordered the burnt offering and the sin offering for all
Ezra-Nechemiah (Nehemiah) 10:28-33 "The rest of the people--priests,
Levites, gatekeepers, singers, temple servants and
all who separated themselves from the neighboring peoples for the sake of the Law of God, together with their wives and all their sons
and daughters who are able to understand-- All these now join their brothers
the nobles, and bind themselves with a curse and an oath to follow the Law of
God given through Moses the servant of God and to obey carefully all the
commands, regulations and decrees of HaShem our HaShem "We promise not to
give our daughters in marriage to the peoples
around us or take their daughters for our sons. "When the neighboring
peoples bring merchandise or grain to sell on the Sabbath,
we will not buy from them on the Sabbath or on any holy day. Every seventh year we will forgo working the land and will cancel
all debts. "We assume the responsibility for carrying out the commands to
give a third of a shekel each year for the service of the house
of our God: For the bread set out on the table; for the regular grain
offerings and burnt offerings; for the offerings on the Sabbaths, New Moon festivals and appointed
feasts; for the holy offerings; for sin offerings to make atonement
for Israel; and for all the duties of the house of our God.
Bamidbar
(Numbers) 35:33 "'Do not pollute the land where you are. Bloodshed
pollutes the land, and atonement cannot be made for the land on which
blood has been shed, except by the blood of the one who shed it.
Atonement for death:
Yeshayah (Isaiah) 28:16-22 So this is what the Sovereign HaShem says:
"See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone for a
sure foundation; the one who trusts will never be dismayed. I will make justice
the measuring line and righteousness the plumb line; hail will sweep away your
refuge, the lie, and water will overflow your hiding place. Your covenant with
death will be annulled; your agreement with the grave will not stand.
When the overwhelming scourge sweeps by, you will be beaten down by it. As
often as it comes it will carry you away; morning after morning, by day and by
night, it will sweep through." The understanding of this message will
bring sheer terror. The bed is too short to stretch out on, the blanket too
narrow to wrap around you. HaShem will rise up as he did at Mount Perazim, he
will rouse himself as in the
Tehillim (Psalms) 78:37-38 Their hearts were not loyal to him, they
were not faithful to his covenant. Yet he was merciful;
he forgave their iniquities and did not destroy them. Time after time he
restrained his anger and did not stir up his full wrath.
Yirimiyah (Jeremiah) 18:19-23 Listen to me, HaShem; hear what my accusers
are saying! Should good be repaid with evil? Yet they have dug a pit for me.
Remember that I stood before you and spoke in their behalf to turn your wrath
away from them. So give their children over to famine;
hand them over to the power of the sword. Let their wives be made childless and
widows; let their men be put to death, their young men slain by the sword in
battle. Let a cry be heard from their houses when you suddenly bring invaders
against them, for they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden snares for my
feet. But you know, HaShem, all their plots to kill me. Do not forgive
their crimes or blot out their sins from your sight. Let
them be overthrown before you; deal with them in the time of your anger.
Devarim
(Deuteronomy) 21:1-9 If a man is found slain, lying in a field in the land HaShem
your God is giving you to possess, and it is not known who killed him, Your
elders and judges shall go out and measure the distance from the body to the
neighboring towns. Then the elders of the town nearest the body shall take a
heifer that has never been worked and has never worn a yoke And lead her down
to a valley that has not been plowed or planted and where there is a flowing
stream. There in the valley they are to break the heifer's neck. The priests,
the sons of Levi, shall step forward, for HaShem your God has chosen them to
minister and to pronounce blessings in the name of HaShem and to decide all
cases of dispute and assault. Then all the elders of the town nearest the body
shall wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley, And
they shall declare: "Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes
see it done. Accept this atonement for your people
Devarim (Deuteronomy) 32:43 Rejoice, O nations, with his people, for he
will avenge the blood of his servants; he will take vengeance on his enemies
and make atonement for his land and people.
Yechezkel
(Ezekiel) 16:59-63 "'This is what the Sovereign HaShem says: I will
deal with you as you deserve, because you have despised my oath by breaking the
covenant. Yet I will remember the covenant I made with you in the days of your
youth, and I will establish an everlasting covenant with you. Then you will
remember your ways and be ashamed when you receive your sisters, both those who
are older than you and those who are younger. I will give them to you as
daughters, but not on the basis of my covenant with you. So I will establish my
covenant with you, and you will know that I am HaShem. Then, when I make atonement
for you for all you have done, you will remember and be ashamed and never again
open your mouth because of your humiliation, declares the Sovereign HaShem.'"
Mishlei
(Proverbs) 16:14 A king's wrath is a messenger of death, but a wise man
will appease it.
II Divrei HaYamim (Chronicles) 30:18-19 Although most of the many people who came
from Ephraim, Manasseh, Issachar and Zebulun had not purified themselves, yet
they ate the Passover, contrary to what was
written. But Hezekiah prayed for them, saying,
"May HaShem, who is good, pardon everyone
Who sets his heart on seeking God--HaShem, the God of his fathers--even if he
is not clean according to the rules of the sanctuary."
Atonement as bitumin or pitch:
Bereshit (Genesis) 6:14 So make yourself an ark of cypress wood;
make rooms in it and coat it with pitch inside and out.
Tehillim
(Psalms) 65:2-3 O you who hear prayer, to you all men will come. When we
were overwhelmed by sins, you forgave our transgressions.
Tehillim (Psalms) 79:9 Help us, O God our Savior, for the glory of
your name; deliver us and forgive our sins for
your name's sake.
Atonement for the Altar?
Yechezkel (Ezekiel) 43:18-20 Then he said to me, "Son of man, this
is what the Sovereign HaShem says: These will be the regulations for
sacrificing burnt offerings and sprinkling blood
upon the altar when it is built: You are to give a young bull as a sin offering to the priests,
who are Levites, of the family of Zadok, who come near to minister before me,
declares the Sovereign HaShem. You are to take some of its blood and put it on
the four horns of the altar and on the four corners of
the upper ledge and all around the rim, and so purify the altar and make atonement
for it.
Yechezkel (Ezekiel) 43:25-26 "For seven
days you are to provide a male goat daily for a sin offering; you are also to
provide a young bull and a ram from the flock, both without defect. For seven
days they are to make atonement for the altar and cleanse it; thus they
will dedicate it.
No atonement:
I Shmuel (Samuel) 3:12-14 At that time I will carry out against Eli
everything I spoke against his family--from beginning to end. For I told him
that I would judge his family forever because of the sin
he knew about; his sons made themselves contemptible, and he failed to restrain
them. Therefore, I swore to the house of Eli, 'The guilt of Eli's house will
never be atoned for by sacrifice or offering.'"
Mishlei
(Proverbs) 16:6 Through love and faithfulness sin is atoned for;
through the fear of HaShem a man avoids evil.
Atonement with a coal:
Yeshayah (Isaiah) 6:4-7 At the sound of their voices the doorposts
and thresholds shook and the temple was filled with smoke. "Woe to
me!" I cried. "I am ruined! For I am a man of unclean lips, and I
live among a people of unclean lips, and my eyes have seen the King, HaShem
Almighty." Then one of the seraphs flew to me with a live coal in his
hand, which he had taken with tongs from the altar. With it he touched my mouth
and said, "See, this has touched your lips; your guilt is taken away and
your sin atoned for."
Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 22:8-14 The defenses of
Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 27:6-9 In days to come Jacob will take
root, Israel will bud and blossom and fill all the
world with fruit. Has [HaShem] struck her as he struck down those who struck
her? Has she been killed as those were killed who killed her? By warfare and exile you contend with her--with his fierce blast he
drives her out, as on a day the east wind blows. By
this, then, will Jacob's guilt be atoned for, and this will be the full
fruitage of the removal of his sin: When he makes all the altar stones to be
like chalk stones crushed to pieces, no Asherah poles or incense
altars will be left standing.
Yeshayah (Isaiah) 47:11 Disaster will come upon you, and you will not
know how to conjure it away. A calamity will fall upon you that you cannot ward
off with a ransom; a catastrophe you cannot foresee will suddenly come
upon you.
Vayikra
(Leviticus) 6:30 But any sin offering whose blood
is brought into the Tent of Meeting to make atonement
in the Holy Place must not be eaten; it must be
burned.
Yechezkel (Ezekiel) 45:13-20 "'This is the special gift you are to
offer: a sixth of an ephah from each homer of wheat and a sixth of an ephah
from each homer of barley. The prescribed portion of oil, measured by the bath,
is a tenth of a bath from each cor (which consists of ten
baths or one homer, for ten baths are equivalent to a homer). Also one sheep is
to be taken from every flock of two hundred from the well-watered pastures of
Atonement for the Altar:
Vayikra (Leviticus) 8:14-15 He then presented the bull for the sin offering,
and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on its head. Moses slaughtered the bull
and took some of the blood, and with his finger he put it on all the horns of
the altar to purify the altar. He poured out the rest of the blood at the base
of the altar. So he consecrated it to make atonement for it.
Daniel
9:24 "Seventy 'sevens' are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin,
to atone for wickedness, to bring in
everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the
most holy.
Vayikra (Leviticus) 16:20-22 "When Aaron has finished making atonement
for the Most Holy Place, the Tent of Meeting and the
altar, he shall bring forward the live goat. He is to lay both hands on the
head of the live goat and confess over it all the wickedness
and rebellion of the Israelites--all their sins--and put them on the goat's
head. He shall send the goat away into the desert in the care of a man
appointed for the task. The goat will carry on itself all their sins to a
solitary place; and the man shall release it in the desert.
These are ALL of the references that use `kaphar' or `kippurim'.
* * *
Daniel
9:19-27 HaShem, listen! HaShem, forgive! HaShem,
hear and act! For your sake, O my God, do not delay, because your
city and your people bear your Name." While I
was speaking and praying, confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel
and making my request to HaShem my God for his holy hill-- While I was still in
prayer, Gabriel, the man I had seen in the earlier vision, came to me in swift
flight about the time of the evening sacrifice. He
instructed me and said to me, "Daniel, I have now come to give you insight
and understanding. As soon as you began to pray, an answer was given, which I
have come to tell you, for you are highly esteemed. Therefore, consider the
message and understand the vision: "Seventy 'sevens' are decreed for your
people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to
atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting
righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy. "Know
and understand this: From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the Anointed One, the ruler, comes, there
will be seven 'sevens,' and sixty-two 'sevens.' It
will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of trouble. After the
sixty-two 'sevens,' the Anointed One will be cut off and will have nothing. The
people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood: War will
continue until the end, and desolations have been decreed. He will confirm a covenant with many for one 'seven.' In the middle of
the 'seven' he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And on a wing [of the
temple] he will set up an abomination that causes
desolation, until the end that is decreed is poured out on him."
References to ATONEMENT in the Nazarean Codicil:
Romans 3:25 God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in
his blood. He did this to demonstrate his justice, because in his forbearance
he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished--
The Greek word ‘hilasterion’ is normalyy used for atonement, as we can see from Strong’s:
2435 hilasterion, hil-as-tay'-ree-on; neut. of a der. of
2433; an expiatory (place or thing), i.e. (concr.) an atoning victim, or
(spec.) the lid of the
---------------- Dictionary Trace ---------------------- 2433 hilaskomai, hil-as'-kom-ahee; mid. from the same as 2436; to conciliate, i.e. (trans.) to atone for (sin), or (intrans.) be propitious:-be merciful, make reconciliation for.
Romans 3:21-26 But now a righteousness from God, apart from law,
has been made known, to which the Law and the Prophets testify. This
righteousness from God comes through faith in Yeshua Mashiach to all who believe. There is no difference, For
all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, And are justified freely by
his grace through the redemption that came by Mashiach
Yeshua. God presented him as a sacrifice of atonement, through faith in
his blood. He did this to demonstrate his justice, because in his forbearance
he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished-- He
did it to demonstrate his justice at the present time, so as to be just and the
one who justifies those who have faith in Yeshua.
Lets take a very mystical look at atonement. The easiest way to gain this understanding is by looking at the High Priests service on Yom Kippur.
The actions of the High Priest mimic the actions of the act of marriage. The Holy Place and The Holy of holy mimic the vagina and uterus.
The table of showbread represents the pleasure of the the marriage act. The incense represents the semen and the blood represents the sperm.
When the High Priest performs his service it is very much like the act. So much so that just as the act of marriage provides atonement for the sins of the wife so the actions of the High Priest provide atonement for the sins of ‘The Bride’, Israel.
The following passage indicates that the blood is the blood of Mashiach and Israel. It is the source of life:
Bereans
(Hebrews) 9:1-14 Now the first covenant had
regulations for worship and also an earthly sanctuary.
A tabernacle was set up. In its first room were the
lampstand, the table and the consecrated bread; this was called the
The result of the High Priest’s service is the creation of a new creature – Israel without sin. The result of the act of marriage is the creation of a new soul who likewise is without sin.
* * *
There is a second Greek word, used in the Nazarean Codicil, which is also translated as ‘atonement’. Here is what Strong’s teaches us about this word:
2433 hilaskomai, hil-as'-kom-ahee; mid. from the same as 2436; to conciliate, i.e. (trans.) to atone for (sin), or (intrans.) be propitious:-be merciful, make reconciliation for.
------------------ Dictionary Trace -------------------- 2436 hileos, hil'-eh-oce; perh. from the alt. form of 138; cheerful (as attractive), i.e. propitious; adv. (by Hebr.) God be gracious!, i.e. (in averting some calamity) far be it:-be it far, merciful.
Bereans (Hebrews) 2:14-18 Since the children have flesh and blood, he
too shared in their humanity so that by his death he might destroy him who
holds the power of death--that is, the devil-- And free those who all their
lives were held in slavery by their fear of death. For surely it is not angels
he helps, but Abraham's descendants. For this reason he had to be made like his
brothers in every way, in order that he might become a merciful and faithful
high priest in service to God, and that he might make atonement for the
sins of the people. Because he himself suffered when he was tempted, he is able
to help those who are being tempted.
Luqas (Luke) 18:9-14 To some who were confident of their own
righteousness and looked down on everybody else, Yeshua
told this parable: "Two men went up to the temple
to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. The Pharisee stood up
and prayed about himself: 'God, I thank you that I am
not like other men--robbers, evildoers, adulterers--or even like this tax
collector. I fast twice a week and give a tenth of all I get.' "But the
tax collector stood at a distance. He would not even look up to heaven, but beat his breast and said, 'God, have mercy
on me, a sinner.' "I tell you that this man, rather than the other, went home
justified before God. For everyone who exalts
himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted."
* * *
There is a third Greek word, used in the Nazarean Codicil, which is also translated as ‘atonement’. Here is what Strong’s teaches us about this word:
2643 katallage, kat-al-lag-ay'; from 2644; exchange (fig. adjustment), i.e. restoration to (the divine) favor:-atonement, reconciliation (-ing).
------------------- Dictionary Trace --------------
2644 katallasso, kat-al-las'-so; from 2596 and 236; to change mutually, i.e. (fig.) to compound a difference:-reconcile.
Romans
5:7-11 Very rarely will anyone die for a righteous man, though for a good
man someone might possibly dare to die. But God demonstrates his own love for
us in this: While we were still sinners, Mashiach
died for us. Since we have now been justified by his blood, how much more shall
we be saved from God's wrath through him! For if, when we were God's enemies,
we were reconciled to him through the death of his Son, how much more, having
been reconciled, shall we be saved through his
life! Not only is this so, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Yeshua Mashiach, through whom we have now received reconciliation.
II Corinthians 5:14-21 For Mashiach's love compels us, because we are convinced that one died for all, and therefore all died. And he died for all, that those who live should no longer live for themselves but for him who died for them and was raised again. So from now on we regard no one from a worldly point of view. Though we once regarded Mashiach in this way, we do so no longer. Therefore, if anyone is in Mashiach, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come! All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Mashiach and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: That God was reconciling the world to himself in Mashiach, not counting men's sins against them. And he has committed to us the me