The
Seventh Day of Passover - שביעי
של פסח
By Hillel ben David (Greg
Killian)
The seventh day of Passover, Shvi'i shel Pesach - שביעי
של פסח,
is the last day of the seven day Feast of Unleavened
Bread, which is also known as Passover. The
centrality of the Exodus story in the Torah is so absolute that
its memory is linked with Shabbat, the festival of Pesach, the
seder, the bikkurim, the festival of Succoth, the shema, tefillin,
mezuzah, and the future redemption.
The crossing of the Yam Suf,[1] The Sea of Reeds, completed our time in Egypt. When we crossed the Yam Suf we finally had
our freedom from slavery. This seminal event
occurred on the seventh day of Pesach. The crossing of the Yam Suf represented the birth of the nation. Lets start our study by
examining the Torah portion where the observance of the seventh day of Pesach
is commanded:
Vayikra
(Leviticus) 23:5-8
HaShem’s Passover begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. On the fifteenth day
of that month HaShem’s Feast of Unleavened Bread begins; for seven days you
must eat bread made without yeast. On the first day
hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. For
seven days present an offering made to HaShem by fire.
And on the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.'"
The seventh day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread is
a Shabbat (do no regular work) that is commemorated with a “sacred assembly”. This Shabbat is celebrated for two days (the seventh and eighth days) outside the land of
Israel and for one day in eretz Israel. Our observance of the seventh day of
Pesach is commanded a second time, in the Torah, to bear witness of HaShem’s
command.
Shemot (Exodus)
12:14-17
"This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations
to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to
HaShem--a lasting ordinance. For seven days you are to
eat bread made without yeast. On the first day remove
the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the
first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel.
On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day.
Do no work at all on these days, except to prepare food
for everyone to eat--that is all you may do. "Celebrate the Feast of
Unleavened Bread, because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions
out of Egypt. Celebrate this day as a lasting
ordinance for the generations to come.
We can see that The Feast of Unleavened Bread has a
Sabbath and a sacred assembly on both the first and
the last days of the feast.
Shemot (Exodus)
13:4-10
Today, in the month of Abib, you are leaving. When
HaShem brings you into the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Hivites
and Jebusites--the land he swore to your forefathers
to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey--you are to observe this
ceremony in this month: For seven days eat bread made without yeast and on
the seventh day hold a festival to HaShem. Eat unleavened bread during
those seven days; nothing with yeast in it is to be seen among you, nor shall
any yeast be seen anywhere within your borders. On that day tell your son, 'I
do this because of what HaShem did for me when I came
out of
We can also see that the seventh day is not a
separate feast, as the eighth day (Shemini Atzeret)
of the Feast of Succoth is. The seventh day is the
end of a seven day feast.
Bamidbar
(Numbers) 28:16-25
"'On the fourteenth day of the first month HaShem’s Passover
is to be held. On the fifteenth day of this month there is to be a festival; for seven days eat bread made without yeast.
On the first day hold a sacred assembly and do no
regular work. Present to HaShem an offering made by fire, a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old,
all without defect. With each bull prepare a grain offering of three-tenths of
an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths; And with each
of the seven lambs, one-tenth. Include one male goat as a sin
offering to make atonement for you. Prepare
these in addition to the regular morning burnt offering. In this way prepare
the food for the offering made by fire
every day for seven days as an aroma pleasing to HaShem; it is to be prepared
in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering. On the
seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.
The
sacred assembly is defined by
Strong’s as:
4744 miqra', mik-raw'; from 7121; something called
out, i.e. a public meeting (the act, the persons, or the place); also a
rehearsal:-assembly, calling, convocation, reading.
So,
our sacred assembly is a rehearsal for some
momentous future event(s).
The
seventh day of Passover is not a separate festival. It is still a part of
Passover. This is different from the feast of Succoth
where the eighth day is also considered a separate festival. The Talmud
explains what this means to us:
Sukkah 47a R. Johanan ruled, We recite the
benediction of the season[2] on the Eighth Day of
the Festival,[3] but we do not say the benediction of the
season on the seventh day of Passover. [In connection with this] R. Levi b.
Hama or, as some say, R. Hama b. Hanina stated, You can have proof that this is
so,[4] since [the Eighth Day] is different [from the
preceding days] in three respects: In those of Sukkah, Lulav and water
libation,[5] and according to R. Judah who maintained that
with one log[6] of water they performed the water libation for
eight days,[7] it is different at least in two
respects. If so, is not the seventh day of Passover also different in respect
of the commandment to eat unleavened bread, since a Master has said, On the
first night[8] it is an obligation [to eat unleavened bread],
and henceforth it is voluntary?[9] — What a comparison! In the case of Passover,
it is different from the first night, but not from the day,[10] whereas in the case of the Eighth Day, it is
different even from the preceding day. Rabina replied, The Eighth Day is
different from the day immediately preceding it, whereas the seventh day of
Passover is different from what is prior [to the period] which precedes it.[11] R. Papa replied,[12] In one case[13] it is written ‘bullock’, in the other[14] ‘bullocks’. R. Nahman b. Isaac replied, In
this case[15] it is written, ‘on the day’, in the other,[16] ‘and on the day’. R. Ashi replied, In the case
of the Eighth Day it is written, ‘According to the ordinance’ while in the case
of the seventh day it is written, ‘according to their ordinance’.
The
seventh day of Passover and the eighth day of Succoth are also likened in other ways:
Chagigah 9a MISHNAH.
HE WHO DID NOT BRING HIS FESTAL-OFFERING ON THE FIRST FESTIVAL,
DAY OF THE FEAST [OF TABERNACLES], MAY BRING IT
DURING THE WHOLE OF THE FESTIVAL, EVEN ON THE LAST FESTIVAL DAY[17] OF THE FEAST [OF TABERNACLES]. IF THE
FESTIVAL, PASSED AND HE DID NOT BRING THE FESTIVAL OFFERING, HE IS NOT BOUND TO
MAKE IT GOOD. OF SUCH A PERSON IT IS SAID: HE THAT IS CROOKED CANNOT BE MADE
STRAIGHT AND THAT WHICH IS WANTING CANNOT BE RECKONED.[18] R. SIMEON B. MENASYA SAID: WHO IS IT ‘THAT IS
CROOKED’ WHO ‘CANNOT BE MADE STRAIGHT’? HE THAT HAS CONNECTION
WITH A FORBIDDEN RELATION[19] AND BEGETS BY HER BASTARD ISSUE. SHOULD YOU
SAY THAT IT APPLIES TO A THIEF OR ROBBER, BUT THEN HE IS ABLE TO MAKE
RESTITUTION AND BE MADE STRAIGHT. R. SIMEON B. YOHAI SAID: ONLY HE CAN BE
CALLED ‘CROOKED’ WHO WAS STRAIGHT AT FIRST AND BECAME CROOKED. AND WHO IS THIS?
— A DISCIPLE OF THE SAGES WHO FORSAKES THE TORAH.
GEMARA. Whence do we know this?[20] — R. Johanan in the name of R. Ishmael said:
[The expression] ‘Azereth [‘solemn assembly’] is used of the seventh day of
Passover,[21] and [the expression] ‘Azereth is used of the
eighth day of the Feast [of Tabernacles].[22] Just as there it[23] intimates that one can make good [thereon the
festal-offering due on the first day] so here[24] it intimates that one can make good [thereon
the festal-offering of the first day]. And it is free [for interpretation];[25] for were it not free one might object: whereas
[this[26] applies] to the seventh day of Passover which
is not differentiated from the preceding [days], can you say this of the eighth
day of the Feast [of Tabernacles] which is differentiated from the preceding
[days].[27] But it is not so;[28] it is quite free [for interpretation].
Consider, what does ‘Azereth mean? [Evidently it means], restrained [‘Azur][29] in respect of doing work. But behold it is
written: Thou shalt do no work;[30] wherefore, then, has the Divine Law written ‘Azereth?[31] You must infer therefrom [that it is] in order
to leave it free [for interpretation]. But the Tanna[32] [of the following Baraitha] deduces it from
here. For it is taught: And ye shall keep it a feast
unto the Lord seven days.[33] One might think that he must go on bringing
festal-offerings the whole of the seven days. Scripture, therefore, says, ‘it’:
on it [only] are you to offer festal-offerings, but you are not to offer
festal-offerings on all the seven days. If so, why does it say, ‘seven’? To
intimate that one may make good [the festal-offering during the seven days of
the festival]. And whence [do we learn] that if he did not bring the
festal-offering on the first festival day of the Feast [of Tabernacles] that he can go on bringing it during the
course of the whole Festival, even on the last festival day? Scripture says: Ye
shall keep it in the seventh month.[34] If, now, [it is to be kept] in the seventh
month, one might think that one can go on bringing the festal-offering
throughout the whole month, therefore Scripture says. ‘it’:[35] on ‘it’ [only] are you to offer festal-offerings,
but you are not to offer festal-offerings outside it.
For
an in-depth examination of the relationship between the first and the seventh
month, please see my study titled, “RAINS”.
In
the future we will still be celebrating this feast.
This next scripture from Yehezekel (Ezekiel) is clearly future (the Temple he describes will not even fit on
Yehezekel
(Ezekiel) 45:21-24
"'In the first month on the fourteenth day you
are to observe the Passover, a feast lasting seven
days, during which you shall eat bread made without yeast.
On that day the prince is to provide a bull as a sin offering for himself and
for all the people of the land. Every day during the seven days of the Feast
he is to provide seven bulls and seven rams without defect as a burnt offering to HaShem,
and a male goat for a sin offering. He is to provide as a grain offering
an ephah for each bull and an ephah for each ram, along with a hin of oil for
each ephah.
The
scripture readings for the seventh day of Passover, in the festival cycle, is:
Torah
Shemot (Exodus) 13:17 - 15:26
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25
Haftarah
II Shmuel (Samuel) 22:1-51
The
scripture readings for the eighth day of Passover, in the festival cycle, when it falls on a weekday is:
Torah
Deuteronomy 15:19 – 16:17
Numbers 28:18-25
Haftarah
Isaiah 10:32 – 12:6
The
scripture readings for the eighth day of Passover, in the festival cycle, when
it falls on a weekly Shabbat is:
Torah
Deuteronomy 14:22-16:17
Numbers 28:18-25
Haftarah
Isaiah 10:32 – 12:6
Since
I know that the Torah reading, for the triennial cycle, is in chronological order, I
can discern that the following events occurred on the seventh day of the Lord's
Passover:
1. All
the inhabitants of the earth, except Noah and his family, died on the seventh
day of Passover. They were all killed by water.
2.
Sicera died and the Lord's enemies were destroyed. Deborah sang a song to the
Lord. Deborah held court and decided the disputes of the Israelites. HaShem's
enemies were swept away by water from the Kishon river (Shoftim (Shoftim
(Judges)) 5:21). Horses were involved.
3. All
of the Egyptian army, their horses, and Pharaoh died on the seventh day of
Passover. They all were killed by water. Moses and Miriam sang a song to the
Lord.
4. The
Sanhedrin was created this day. Some of HaShem's
people were consumed by fire. The Lord fed His people
with meat this day, after they grumbled.
From
these chronological details, I understand that in the future this will be the
day that HaShem renews the earth with fire and kills
every one of the "goats". This day also has to do with settling
disputes among HaShem's people; as we can see from the setting up of the Sanhedrin
and the settling of disputes by Deborah.
Seven days after Passover, the Israelites and Moses sang
the song of Moses.
Shemot (Exodus)
15:1 Then
Moses and the Israelites sang this song to
HaShem: "I will sing to HaShem, for he is highly exalted. The horse and
its rider he has hurled into the sea.
Sang is not past tense. It literally
means "will sing". So, it appears that not only was this an
historical event, it was also a prophetical event that will occur after the
earth is renewed by fire.
Midrash
Rabbah - Exodus I:24 as
R. Jose b. Hanina explained the verse: These are the waters of Meribah (Num.
XX, 13), these are the waters which Pharaoh's astrologers foresaw but of which
they mistook the portent, as it says: The people, among whom I am, are six
hundred thousand men on foot (ib. XI, 21).[36] Moses said to Israel: ‘You have all been saved because of me.’[37] R. Hanina b. Papa said: That day[38] was the twenty-first of
Nisan, and the angels said before God: ' Master of the Universe! Shall he
who is destined to recite the song of the sea on that day,[39] be smitten by the water on that day! ' R. Aha
b. Hanina said: That day was the sixth of Sivan and
the angels said to God: ‘Shall he who is destined to receive the Torah from
Mount Sinai on this day be smitten on this day!’ The question was then asked:
Was it not on the seventh of Adar that Moses was
born?[40] According to the one who says that he was cast
into the river on the sixth of Sivan, there is no difficulty, for from the
seventh of Adar till the sixth day of Sivan accounts for the three months he was hidden; but according to the one who
says it was the twenty-first of Nisan, the dates do
not harmonize. But this is no refutation, for that year was a leap-year, and most of the first month [Adar] and most
of the last month [till the twenty-first of Nisan] along with the whole of the
middle month [Adar II] are reckoned as three calendar
months.
The
following pasuk from the Nazarean Codicil also speaks of this seventh day:
I Corinthians
10:1-11
For I do not want you to be ignorant of the fact, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud and that they all passed through the sea. They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. They
all ate the same spiritual food And drank the same
spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them,
and that rock was Mashiach. Nevertheless, God was
not pleased with most of them; their bodies were
scattered over the desert. Now these things occurred as examples to keep us
from setting our hearts on evil things as they did. Do not be idolaters, as
some of them were; as it is written: "The people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in pagan
revelry." We should not commit sexual immorality, as some of them did--and
in one day twenty-three thousand of them died. We should not test the Lord, as
some of them did--and were killed by snakes. And do not grumble, as some of
them did--and were killed by the destroying angel. These things happened to
them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the
fulfillment of the ages has come.
From
the above passage, I gather that the same water that killed the Egyptians also
changed the state of the Israelites to a higher state of holiness. They
literally had returned to the state that man was in the garden of Eden (paradise). From this I understand that in the future renewal of the earth, by fire,
we too will pass through the fire, unharmed, and we will be literally baptized with fire, into Yeshua!
John the Baptist spoke of this in:
Matityahu
(Matthew) 3:1-13 In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the
Luqas (Luke)
3:15-18
The people were waiting expectantly and were all wondering in their hearts if
John might possibly be the Mashiach. John answered
them all, "I baptize you with water. But one more powerful than I will
come, the thongs of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize
you with the Holy Spirit and with fire. His winnowing fork is in his hand
to clear his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his
barn, but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire." And with
many other words John exhorted the people and preached the good news to them.
So,
I understand from the above verses that John spoke these words on the seventh
day of Passover and was prophesying about the
future events that would take place on this day.
Peter spoke of the
renewal of the earth, by fire, in:
II Peter 3:3-13 First of all, you must
understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following
their own evil desires. They will say, "Where is this 'coming' he
promised? Ever since our fathers died, everything
goes on as it has since the beginning of creation."
But they deliberately forget that long ago by God's word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water
and by water. By these waters also the world of that
time was deluged and destroyed. By the same word the present heavens and
earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of
judgment and destruction of ungodly men. But do not forget this one thing,
dear friends: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand
years are like a day. The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some
understand slowness. He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but
everyone to come to repentance. But the day of the Lord
will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear
with a roar; the elements will be destroyed by fire,
and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare. Since everything will be
destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to live
holy and godly lives As you look forward to the day of God and speed its
coming. That day will bring about the destruction of the heavens by fire, and
the elements will melt in the heat. But in keeping with his promise we are
looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, the
home of righteousness.
Yeshua also spoke of this future day in:
Matityahu
(Matthew) 19:23-29
Then Yeshua said to his disciples, "I tell you the truth, it is hard for a
rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again I tell you, it is easier for a
camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the
Paul
talks about our reward with respect to the seventh day of Passover in:
I Corinthians
3:9-15
For we are God's fellow workers; you are God's field, God's building. By the
grace God has given me, I laid a foundation as an expert builder, and someone
else is building on it. But each one should be careful how he builds. For no
one can lay any foundation other than the one already laid, which is Yeshua Mashiach. If any man builds on this foundation using
gold, silver, costly stones, wood, hay or straw, His work will be shown for
what it is, because the Day will bring it to light. It
will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test the quality of each
man's work. If what he has built survives, he will receive his reward. If it is
burned up, he will suffer loss; he himself will be saved, but only as one
escaping through the flames.
* * *
We
find no association in the Torah between the last day of Pesach
and any event or occurrence in our nation's history. In truth, a miraculous
event occurred on the seventh day of Pesach. After the Jews
left Egypt, Pharaoh had a change of heart. He started pursuing the nation
of
The
Sefer HaToda'ah writes that the Jews were only given holidays by HaShem that
celebrated the salvation of the Jews. They were
never given holidays that commemorated the downfall of their enemies. HaShem does
not celebrate the downfall and destruction of the wicked,
as they are His creations. Therefore, the Jewish nation as well does not
celebrate the downfall and destruction of the wicked. It is for this reason
that there is no connection made between the
splitting of the Yam Soof and the seventh day of Pesach.
We cannot celebrate the downfall of the Egyptians. However, the Jews indeed
were saved on this day, and sang songs of praise and thanks, Hallel, to HaShem for their salvation.
We too sing Hallel to HaShem on this day, just as our forefathers
did. We can and do mark the occasion of our salvation. We cannot and do not,
however, mark the occasion of our enemies' demise.
Other events that
occurred on the seventh day of Passover:
Hag
ha-Matzah - Seventh day. Shemot (Exodus) 12:17-20
The Omer, day 6.
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 111. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
The Lord wipes out the world with water in
Noah's day. Noah and his family preserved. Bereshit (Genesis) 6:6-7 - AC
Jacob left Laban’s home to return to
Yocheved hides Moses after a six
month and one day pregnancy - day 44. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Pharaoh’s decree against Israelite male
infants was cancelled. Sotah 12b
Israelites camp at the tower,
towards the mouth of the gorges, opposite the hidden destroyer. Shemot (Exodus) 33:7
Moses tells the Israelites to see HaShem’s
salvation. Shemot (Exodus) 14:13
Israelites are baptized
in the
God removes wheels from Egyptian chariots. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:24-25
God destroys Pharaoh's army, chariots, and
horses with water. Shemot (Exodus) 14:21-28, TC, AC
Moses and Miriam sing the song of Moses to the
Lord. Shemot (Exodus) 15
God refines Israel
with fire, destroying the outskirts. Bamidbar
(Numbers) 11:1-3, TC
Israelites crave meat from God. Bamidbar
(Numbers) 11:4, TC [41]
God forms the Sanhedrin from the spirit of
Moses. Bamidbar (Numbers) 11:16-25, TC
Joshua and the Israelites march around
God destroys Sicera's army, chariots, and
horses with water. Shoftim (Shoftim (Judges)) 4:4 - 5:31, TC
Deborah holds court to decide disputes of the
Israelites. Shoftim (Shoftim (Judges)) 4:4-5, TC
Deborah sings a song to the Lord. Shoftim
(Shoftim (Judges)) 5, TC
David sings a song to the Lord. 2 Shmuel
(Samuel) 22, AC[42]
Yeshua’s alive! It
is resurrection day 4.
Peter is freed by an angel. II
Luqas (Acts)12:3-10
Disciples were gathered together for prayer. II Luqas (Acts) 12:3-12
Peter is released from prison by an angel.
Peter went to Mary's house (the mother of John Mark) II Luqas (Acts) 12:3-12
Herod searches for Peter, cross examines
guards, executes guards, and travels from Judea to
This is the day God will destroy the wicked
and baptize the righteous with fire. Matityahu
(Matthew) 3:11, 2 Peter 3:3-16, TC
Solemn Assembly
required on this last day of the Hag ha-Matzah. Devarim (Deuteronomy) 16:8
The
Machzor, the festival prayer
book, has the following liturgical poem which incorporates the knowledge of the
Sages, regarding the events of the seventh day of Passover:
|
Pesach – The faithful ones sang a song to Him, ‘And
HaShem saved on that day’ – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:30 That day HaShem
saved Israel from the hands of the Egyptians, and |
Pesach
– May a heavenly voice be heard, ‘ Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 45:17 But |
|
Pesach
– The redeemed ones crossed with an exalted
hand, and Israel saw the [great] hand [of God] – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:31 And when the Israelites saw the great power HaShem displayed
against the Egyptians, the people feared HaShem and put their trust in him
and in Moses his servant. |
Pesach
– The exalted One, with the might of His glory, once again may my Lord
[redeem us] with His hand – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 11:11-12 In that day the Lord will
reach out his hand a second time to reclaim the remnant that is left of his
people from Assyria, from Lower Egypt, from Upper Egypt, from Cush, from
Elam, from Babylonia, from Hamath and from the islands of the sea. He will
raise a banner for the nations and gather the exiles of Israel; he will
assemble the scattered people of Judah from the four
quarters of the earth. |
|
Pesach
– The multitude of His armies with sufficient goodness, walked on dry land in
the middle of the sea – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 15:19 When Pharaoh's horses,
chariots and horsemen went into the sea, HaShem brought the waters of the sea
back over them, but the Israelites walked through the sea on dry ground. |
Pesach
– He shall have raised His hand with the power of His spirit, and HaShem
shall have dried up the tongue of the sea – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 11:15 HaShem will dry up the gulf of
the Egyptian sea; with a scorching wind he will sweep his hand over the |
|
Pesach
– He raged against them with the clearly inscribed [plagues],
the Egyptian camp, with pillar of fire and cloud –
the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:24 During the last watch of the
night HaShem looked down from the pillar of fire and cloud at the Egyptian
army and threw it into confusion. |
Pesach
– He shall create new wonders besides the old, blood, fire, and columns of
smoke – the Pesach of the future. Yoel
(Joel) 2:30 I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and billows
of smoke. |
|
Pesach
– He planned strategies to destroy his enemies, and the Children of Israel
went forth with exalted hand – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:8 HaShem hardened the heart of
Pharaoh king of |
Pesach
– salvation and powerful peace, in gladness shall you go out, and in peace –
the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 55:12 You will go out in joy and be
led forth in peace; the mountains and hills will burst into song before you,
and all the trees of the field will clap their hands. |
|
Pesach – the crowning glory of the Anamite
[Egyptians, their first born,] to slay, for there is no home in which there
is no corpse – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot (Exodus) 12:30
Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night,
and there was loud wailing in Egypt, for there was not a house without
someone dead. |
Pesach
– to push aside the nations that talk in vain, and thus shall be the plague – the Pesach of the future. Tehillim
(Psalm) 2:1 Why do the nations conspire
and the peoples plot in vain? Zecharyia
(Zechariah) 14:12 This is the plague with which HaShem will strike all the nations that fought against
Jerusalem: Their flesh will rot while they are still
standing on their feet, their eyes will rot in their
sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouths. |
|
Pesach
– He opened the sealed [Egyptian] gates, but HaShem passed over the Jewish
doorway – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot (Exodus)
12:23 When HaShem goes through the
land to strike down the Egyptians, he will see the blood on the top and sides
of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway, and he will not permit the
destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down. |
Pesach
– the wondrous strength of the Master and Ruler, protect and rescue, leap and
cause escape – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 31:5 Like birds hovering overhead,
HaShem Almighty will shield |
|
Pesach
– those remaining became the treasured planting, because HaShem did battle
for them against Shemot (Exodus)
14:25 He made the wheels of their
chariots come off so that they had difficulty driving. And the Egyptians
said, "Let's get away from the Israelites!
HaShem is fighting for them against |
Pesach
– for the future ransom of captives, HaShem shall go forth and battle those
nations – the Pesach of the future. Zecharyia
(Zechariah) 14:3 Then HaShem will go out and
fight against those nations, as he fights in the day of battle. |
|
Pesach
– the opening verse the prophetess [Miriam] repeated, ‘Sing to HaShem for He
is exalted above the arrogant!’ – the Pesach of Shemot (Exodus)
15:21 Miriam sang to them:
"Sing to HaShem, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider he
has hurled into the sea." |
Pesach
– anticipating the sign that will have been fulfilled, sing to HaShem for He
will have established grandeur – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 12:5 Sing to HaShem, for he has
done glorious things; let this be known to all the world. |
|
Pesach
– He darkened the fire’s light for His [Egyptian]
enemies, but for all the Children of Israel there was light – the Pesach of Shemot (Exodus)
10:23 No one could see anyone else or
leave his place for three days. Yet all the
Israelites had light in the places where they lived. |
Pesach
– may your Creator’s utterance find favor, ‘Rise up and shine, for you light
has come’ – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 60:1 "Arise, shine, for your
light has come, and the glory of HaShem rises upon you. |
|
Pesach – they praised Him with the full measure of
His strength, for HaShem redeemed
His people – the Pesach of Egypt. Yeshayah (Isaiah)
44:23 Sing for joy, O heavens, for HaShem has done this; shout aloud, O
earth beneath. Burst into song, you mountains, you forests and all your
trees, for HaShem has redeemed Jacob, he displays
his glory in Rut (Ruth) 1:6
When she heard in Moab that HaShem had come to the aid of his people by
providing food for them, Naomi and her daughters-in-law prepared to return
home from there. |
Pesach
– the powerful praise inherent in His Name, our Redeemer, HaShem, Master of
Legions, is His name – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 47:4 Our Redeemer--HaShem Almighty
is his name--is the Holy One of Israel. |
|
Pesach
– may He increase salvation upon salvations,
remembering His covenant to save with love, let the report regarding |
|
|
Pesach
– [ Iyov
(Job) 33:30 To turn back his soul from the
pit, that the light of life may shine on him. Shemot
(Exodus) 10:23 No one could see anyone else
or leave his place for three days. Yet all the
Israelites had light in the places where they lived. |
Pesach
– with this same sign [of light] they will again be blessed, rise up and
shine for your light has come – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 60:1 "Arise, shine, for your
light has come, and the glory of HaShem rises upon you. |
|
Pesach
– the redeemed one praised you at that time, HaShem saved on that day – the
Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:30 That day HaShem saved |
Pesach
– O Exalted One, hurry our salvation, HaShem is our King, He is our Savior –
the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 33:22 For the HaShem is our judge,
the HaShem is our lawgiver, the HaShem is our king; it is he who will save
us. |
|
Pesach
– they embittered them with hardship and discouraged them, the day after the
Pesach offering, they went forth – the Pesach of Egypt. Bamidbar
(Numbers) 33:3 The Israelites set out from Rameses on the fifteenth day of
the first month, the day after the Passover.
They marched out boldly in full view of all the Egyptians, |
Pesach
– and a day of vengeance shall you see, for in gladness shall you go forth –
the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 55:12 You will go out in joy and be
led forth in peace; the mountains and hills will burst into song before you,
and all the trees of the field will clap their hands. |
|
Pesach – the pure ones were exceedingly awestruck,
when the water became a wall for them – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:22 And the Israelites went
through the sea on dry ground, with a wall of water on their right and on
their left. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:29 But the Israelites went
through the sea on dry ground, with a wall of water on their right and on
their left. |
Pesach
– may He endow those who anticipate Him with His goodness, may He lead them
beside flowing water – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 49:10 They will neither hunger nor
thirst, nor will the desert heat or the sun beat upon them. He who has
compassion on them will guide them and lead them beside springs of water. |
|
Pesach
– the Pure One multiplied His humility over them and HaShem went before them
– the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 13:21 By day HaShem
went ahead of them in a pillar of cloud to guide them on their way and by
night in a pillar of fire to give them light, so that
they could travel by day or night. |
Pesach
– may He awaken the words of my prophetic vision, ‘For HaShem goes before
you’ – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 52:12 But you will not leave in
haste or go in flight; for HaShem will go before you, the God of |
|
Pesach
– the prophetess [Miriam] responded properly, ‘Sing to HaShem for He is
exalted above the arrogant’ – the Pesach of Shemot
(Exodus) 15:21 Miriam sang to them:
"Sing to the HaShem, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider
he has hurled into the sea." |
Pesach
– may its scoffers be downtrodden, play music to HaShem for He has
established grandeur – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 12:5 Sing to HaShem, for he has
done glorious things; let this be known to all the world. |
|
Pesach
– a pleasant song of thanksgiving, ‘God is my might and praise’ – the Pesach
of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 15:2 HaShem is my strength and my
song; he has become my salvation. He is my God,
and I will praise him, my father's God, and I will
exalt him. |
Pesach
– my multitudes shall sing the song, ‘For HaShem, God, is my Might and my
Praise’ – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 12:2 Surely God is my salvation; I
will trust and not be afraid. HaShem, HaShem, is my strength and my song; he
has become my salvation." |
|
Pesach – to return the treasured ones to the
longed-for Land, they walked on the dry land amid the sea – the Pesach of
Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 15:19 When Pharaoh's horses,
chariots and horsemen went into the sea, HaShem
brought the waters of the sea back over them, but the Israelites
walked through the sea on dry ground. |
Pesach
– in the future He shall return their captivity, from Chamas and from the
isles of the sea – the Pesach of the future. Tehillim
(Psalm) 126:1 (A song of ascents.} When
HaShem brought back the captives to Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 11:11 In that day
the Lord will reach out his hand a second time to reclaim the remnant that is
left of his people from Assyria, from Lower Egypt, from Upper Egypt, from
Cush, from Elam, from Babylonia, from Hamath and from the islands of the sea. |
|
Pesach
– the taskmasters fled from before them, for HaShem did battle for them – the
Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:25 He made the wheels of their
chariots come off so that they had difficulty driving. And the Egyptians
said, "Let's get away from the Israelites!
HaShem is fighting for them against |
Pesach
– may He remove His people’s trouble and assuage them, when HaShem will go forth
and do battle – the Pesach of the future. Zechariah
14:3 Then HaShem will go out and
fight against those nations, as he fights in the day of battle. |
|
Pesach
- the Illuminated One cut down and shattered when the Egyptians forced the
people [to leave the land] – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 12:33 The Egyptians urged the people
to hurry and leave the country. "For otherwise," they said,
"we will all die!" |
Pesach
– He shall blow away the spirit of the belligerent, ten
men shall clasp them – the Pesach of Egypt. Zechariah
8:23 This is what HaShem Almighty
says: "In those days ten men from all languages and nations will take
firm hold of one Jew by the hem of his robe and
say, 'Let us go with you, because we have heard that God is with you.'" |
|
Pesach
– their flesh melted and was destroyed, none remained
of them save one – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:28 The water flowed back and
covered the chariots and horsemen—the entire army of Pharaoh that had
followed the Israelites into the sea. Not one of them survived. Tehillim
(Psalm) 106:11 The waters covered their
adversaries; not one of them survived. |
Pesach
– may He grant salvation for those who rely on Him, and that there not remain
a remnant of the House of Esau – the Pesach of the
future. Obadiah
1:18 The house of Jacob will be a fire and the house of Joseph a flame; the house of Esau will be stubble, and
they will set it on fire and consume it. There will
be no survivors from the house of Esau." HaShem has spoken. |
|
Pesach – even the sucklings played on the drums to
declare His Oneness, ‘This is my God and I shall glorify Him’ – the Pesach of
Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 15:2 HaShem is my strength and my
song; he has become my salvation. He is my God,
and I will praise him, my father's God, and I will exalt him. |
Pesach
– the treasured ones shall say thus, ‘Behold, this is our God’ – the Pesach
of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 25:9 In that day they will say,
"Surely this is our God; we trusted in him, and he saved us. This is HaShem, we trusted in him; let us rejoice and be glad
in his salvation." |
|
Pesach
– the exultations of holiness in the feminine gender, ‘This shirah – song’ –
the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 15:1 Then Moses and the Israelites
sang this song to HaShem: "I will sing to HaShem, for he is highly
exalted. The horse and its rider he has hurled into the sea. |
Pesach
– but He shall sanctify it and turn it to masculine, ‘Sing to HaShem a new
shir – song’ the Pesach of the future. Tehillim
(Psalm) 96:1 Sing to HaShem a new song;
sing to HaShem, all the earth. |
|
Pesach
– You leapt to exact retribution for [ Shemot
(Exodus) 15:16 Terror and dread will fall
upon them. By the power of your arm they will be as still as a stone--until
your people pass by, HaShem, until the people you bought pass by. |
Pesach
– may He bare His arm and His might, to acquire the remnant of His people –
the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 52:10 HaShem will lay bare his holy
arm in the sight of all the nations, and all the ends of the earth will see
the salvation of our God. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 11:11 In that day the Lord will reach
out his hand a second time to reclaim the remnant that is left of his people
from Assyria, from Lower Egypt, from Upper Egypt, from Cush, from Elam, from
Babylonia, from Hamath and from the islands of the sea. |
|
Pesach
– He brought out His loved ones in the afternoon when He bewildered the
Egyptian camp – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:24 During the last watch of the
night HaShem looked down from the pillar of fire and
cloud at the Egyptian army and threw it into confusion. |
Pesach
– to return upon them their recompense, HaShem will wreak great confusion
upon them – the Pesach of the future. Zecharyia
(Zechariah) 14:13 On that day men will be
stricken by HaShem with great panic. Each man will seize the hand of another,
and they will attack each other. |
|
Pesach – They decided to speak up and exalt when
they saw the great hand [that God inflicted upon Shemot
(Exodus) 14:31 And when the Israelites saw
the great power HaShem displayed against the
Egyptians, the people feared HaShem and put their trust in him and in Moses
his servant. |
Pesach
– may He satiate with the shine of His glory, Joseph
may my Lord increase His power a second time – the Pesach of the future. Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 66:11 For you will nurse and be
satisfied at her comforting breasts; you will drink deeply and delight in her
overflowing abundance." Yeshayah
(Isaiah) 11:11 In that day the Lord will
reach out his hand a second time to reclaim the remnant that is left of his
people from Assyria, from Lower Egypt, from Upper Egypt, from Cush, from
Elam, from Babylonia, from Hamath and from the islands of the sea. |
|
Pesach
– a prophetic song they foresang to the Inscrutable One, ‘HaShem shall reign
forever’ – the Pesach of Egypt. Shemot
(Exodus) 15:18 HaShem will reign for ever and
ever." |
Pesach
– in Tehillim
(Psalm) 146:10 HaShem reigns forever, your
God, O |
|
Pesach
– Regal strategies by which to redeem the praiseworthy, You save Your
beloved, and You delighted HaShem’s upright nation, at the appropriate time, those whom You took to Yourself saw HaShem’s
works, then Moses and the Children of Israel chose to sing, with mirth, with
glad song with abundant gladness – and said unanimously. Shemot
(Exodus) 15:1 Then Moses and the Israelites
sang this song to HaShem: "I will sing to HaShem, for he is highly
exalted. The horse and its rider he has hurled into the sea. |
|
If
you look closely at the events that happened on this day, you can see a consistent
theme:
HaShem frees His people. The wicked
try to take them back. HaShem stops the wicked.
My
study, so far, leads me to the conclusion that the seventh day of Passover was not fulfilled in the days when Yeshua walked on the earth, but, they will be fulfilled
at the end of the seventh millennium when Yeshua renews the earth with fire.
This study was written by Hillel ben David
(Greg Killian).
Comments may be submitted to:
Greg Killian
7104 Inlay St SE
Lacey, WA 98513
Internet address:
gkilli@aol.com
Web page: http://www.betemunah.org/
(360) 584-9352
Return to The
WATCHMAN home page
Send comments to Greg
Killian at his email address: gkilli@aol.com
[1] Shemot (Exodus) chapter 14.
[2] The benediction, ‘Blessed . . . who hast kept us in life . . . to reach this season’ (cf. P.B. p. 231) which is said only on the first day of a festival. R. Johanan regards the eighth day as a separate festival.
[3] The Eighth Day of Solemn Assembly, which is regarded as a festival distinct from that of Tabernacles.
[4] That the Eighth Day is a festival of its own.
[5] None of which obtains on the Eighth Day.
[6] Not, as the first Tanna stated, with three logs.
[7] Infra 48b; and only for the seven days.
[8] Of Passover.
[9] Pes. 120a.
[10] Since even on the first day of Passover the eating of unleavened bread is voluntary.
[11] The first night.
[12] The next three statements point out that in the section dealing with the sacrifices of the festival, Num. XXIX, 12-39, there are differences between the first seven days, and the Eighth Day either in respect of the laws of the sacrifices or the expressions used in connection with them; proving that the latter is a separate festival. These differences are that (a) on each of the seven days a number of bullocks were sacrificed while on the Eighth Day only one was offered (v. 36). (b) the descriptions of the sacrifices of the second to the seventh day begin with the word ‘and’ (‘And on the day’). suggesting continuity, while that of the Eighth Day commences ‘On the eighth day’ omitting the ‘and’, (c) on the seventh day it was ‘According to their ordinance’, connecting it with the previous days whereas the Eighth Day has, ‘according to the ordinance’.
[13] The Eighth Day.
[14] The first seven days.
[15] The Eighth Day.
[16] The first seven days.
[17] Which is regarded as a separate festival, nevertheless one can make good thereon the festal-offering due on the first day of Tabernacles.
[18] Eccl. I, 15.
[19] V. Lev. XVIII, 6-18.
[20] I.e., that if the festal-offering was not brought earlier, it can still be offered up on the last day of Tabernacles.
[21] Deut. XVI, 8.
[22] Lev. XXIII, 36; Num. XXIX, 35.
[23] I.e., in the case of the seventh day of Passover which is essentially part of the Passover Festival.
[24] I.e., in the case of the eighth day of Tabernacles, even though it has the status of a separate festival; v. infra 17a.
[25] I.e., the word ,rmg is redundant; this makes the inference by analogy irrefutable.
[26] That one can make good on the last day the festal-offering of the first.
[27] Cf. Yoma 3a.
[28] hhtk=hv tk=utk ‘No’, ‘it is not so’.
[29] Cf. A.V. Marg. ‘restraint’ in Deut. XVI, 8; Lev. XXIII, 36.
[30] Deut. XVI, 8.
[31] V. p. 7, n. 8.
[32] An authority quoted in Mishnah and Baraitha in contradistinction to Amora such as R. Johanan above. V. Glos.
[33] Lev. XXIII, 41.
[34] Ibid. I.e., you can bring the festal-offering on every festival day in the month.
[35] The second ‘it’ of the verse.
[36] This passage, abbreviated here, is given fully in Gen. R. XCVII, 3.
[37] An explanation of the unusual word hkdr (‘on foot’).
[38] When he was cast into the river.
[39] The seventh day of Passover.
[40] Meg. 13b, Kid. 38a.
[41] TC - Triennial Torah Cycle.
[42] AC - Annual Torah cycle.