Passover
By Hillel ben David (Greg Killian)
III. Torah Readings for Passover
VI. HaShem's Passover and the Firstborn
VIII. Names given to the Passover Festival
IX. Pesach vs. Unleavened Bread
In this study I would like to understand several aspects of HaShem’s Passover. As the first festival of the year, Passover is therefore an extremely critical festival.
Pesach, Hebrew for Passover,
begins on the fifteenth day of the first month. The
festival lasts for seven (eight
days in the Diaspora) days, in Israel, and ends on the 21st (22nd
for those in the Diaspora) day of the first month, for those who live in eretz
Thursday, April 9, 2009
Tuesday, March 30, 2010
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
Saturday, April 7, 2012
Strong’s defines the word Pesach, from its first usage in Torah, as:
Shemot
(Exodus)
+----------------------------------------------+
6453
pecach, peh'-sakh; from 6452; a pretermission, i.e. exemption; used only tech.
of the Jewish Passover (the festival or the victim):-Passover (offering).
----------------
Dictionary Trace ----------------
6452
pacach, paw-sakh'; a prim. root; to hop, i.e. (fig.) skip over (or spare); by
impl. to hesitate; also (lit.) to limp, to dance:-halt, become lame, leap, pass
over.
On Pesach we celebrate the liberation of HaShem’s people from Egyptian slavery and, together with
it, the liberation from, and negation of the ancient Egyptian system and way of
life, the "abominations of
Pesach is
first and foremost among the festivals in the Jewish calendar. The Talmud[1] refers to Pesach as the Rosh
HaShana (Head of the year) of the festivals. Calling this the “Head” is very
appropriate; as the body’s ability to function is derived from the head, so the essence and the sanctity of all the festivals is
derived from the festival of Pesach. Thus we need to carefully learn and
understand the meaning of Pesach, and its requirements, in order to understand
the other festivals.
There are four names given to this first and foremost of the
festivals in either the Torah or in the oral
Torah:
Chag HaPesach (Shemot [Exodus] 34:25)
("the Feast of Passover")
Chag HaMatzot (Shemot
[Exodus] 23:15)
("the Feast of Unleavened Bread")
Chag HaCherutenu (Mishna
Pesachim 10:5)
("the Feast of Our Liberation")
Chag HaAbib (Devarim
[Deuteronomy] 16:1)
("the Feast of Spring")
The Torah frequently calls this festival: Chag HaMatzot, yet the Jewish people frequently call it Pesach. Why this dichotomy? The Kedushat Levi (Parashat Bo) answers this question by telling us the we ate matza because we left in such a hurry that the bread did not have time to rise. Thus, in spite of the lack of provisions, we still followed HaShem into the wilderness.
Yiremeyahu
(Jeremiah) 2:2 Go and cry in the ears of Jerusalem,
saying, Thus saith HaShem; I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love
of thine espousals, when thou wentest after me in
the wilderness, in a land that was
not sown.
Thus HaShem focuses on the matzot to praise us for our love and emunah (faithfulness) for Him. We call it Pesach to praise HaShem for passing over us, and thereby choosing us, on that fateful Passover in Egypt. Thus it is fitting that HaShem should call it Chag HaMatzot to praise His people, and that the Jewish people should call it Pesach to praise HaShem.
One of the major festivals in
the Torah is Pesach. It is a holiday of rejoicing when Jews
all over the world recall their deliverance from slavery in
It is worth noting that Pesach and its ceremonies not only speak of OUR redemption in the days of Moshe, but they are also prophetic of the future redemption in the days of Mashiach.
Conversion
Shavuot is the conclusion of Pesach. On Shavuot the entire congregation of Israel stood before HaShem as converts to receive the Torah. Our conversion began four days before Pesach when we were circumcised. The Pesach lamb could only be eaten by those who were circumcised. Because of this requirement, Pesach is THE festival of the convert. All the other festivals can be celebrated by Gentiles. Only the partaking of the Pesach lamb was denied to the Gentiles. Thus, when a new convert joins the nation of Israel, Pesach will be the ultimate festival, the festival that demonstrates his covenantal relationship.
As the nation of Israel was birthed from the crucible of Egypt, on Pesach, so the righteous Gentiles who undergo conversion are born on Pesach. Their birth joins them to the nation of Israel on Pesach.
The
Number Four (4)
As you study the Pesach, notice how often the number four shows up. The great Kabbalist, the Maharal of Prague, teaches that when something is true, it is true on every possible plane. It is true philosophically, linguistically, mathematically and spiritually. And so we learn that the number four is the number, more than any other, that encapsulates the message of exile and redemption, otherwise it would not be the one used. Keep in mind that our Sages teach us that the Egyptian exile is the prototype for all future exiles (see the redemption study for more on this topic).
Four Cups of Wine
We were in exile, estranged from our land and from HaShem. Therefore, HaShem, Blessed be He, redeemed us
with four mighty acts:
Shemot (Exodus) 6:6
Wherefore say unto the children of
1.
I [am] HaShem, and
2.
I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and
3.
I will rid you out of their bondage, and
4.
I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments:
The redemption of Shemot 6:6 is represented by the four cups of wine we take during our seder.
The Midrash Rabbah explains that the four cups of wine correspond to these four stages of redemption. By contrast, the Gemara says:
Pesachim
117b R. Hanan said to Raba: This
proves that Grace after meals requires a cup [of
wine]. Said he to him: Our Rabbis instituted four cups as symbolizing freedom: let us perform a religious act with each.
The Gemara indicates that the number four expresses freedom, and connects each cup to a particular mitzva of the seder night: the first cup is that of Kiddush; over the second cup we recite the haggada; the third cup is that of Birchat Hamazon (Grace after the Meal); and over the fourth cup we recite hallel.
Four questions
The four questions reflect, that our redemption, if we are to be redeemed, must come about when we leave exile and leave estrangement from HaShem. The question of the wise son reflects that we are only truly free when we stop serving the world and start serving HaShem:
- If we are free, why do we still eat matza, "the bread of affliction"?
- If we want to recall the bitterness of servitude by eating bitter herbs, why do we recline like royalty?
- Why do we dip our food luxuriously
in what represents our tears?
This exile and estrangement from HaShem embitters the wicked son. He wants to retreat back into the comforting complacency of spiritual exile.
It mystifies the son who no longer believes in answers. We must use the empathy and compassion that a mother would have for her child to free him enough to listen.
But the same paradox frees the simple son to redefine what the experience means to him.
The freest of all is the wise son. Once the door is open, he asks the most honest question of all:
- "How shall I serve the God who has made me
free?"
The nation of
Pesach is celebrated
the evening of the fourteenth (10+4) day of Nisan.
The women came to
His Majesty’s empty grave on the fourth day of Passover.
The Jews came out of Mitzrayim (
Bereshit
(Genesis)
The Jews came out of Mitzrayim in the fourth generation:
Bereshit
(Genesis)
We may eat
chametz (leaven bread) on Erev (the day before) Pesach only until the end of
the fourth hour ("zemanit"), i.e., only within the first third of the
day.
The festival of Pesach is given four different names in either the Torah and in the oral Torah:
1. The Festival of Pesach - Shemot 34:25.
2. The Festival of Matzot - Shemot 23:15.
3. The Time of Freedom and Redemption -(Mishna Pesachim 10:5).
4. The Festival of Spring - Devarim 16:1.
"four cups of comfort which HaShem
will in the future give the Jewish people to drink."
In the first chapter of Yechezkel, the number four in various ways, appears fourteen times. As the Jews are going into the Babylonian exile, HaShem informs us that He is going into exile as well.
So, as you
study Pesach, notice how intimately the number four is woven into the fabric of
this feast. Remember:
The
number four signals a
whole,
a fullness, and a completion. It signals exile, but, it also signals
redemption!
Forty (40) is 10 X 4 and is therefore intimately associated with the number four. You will also see this number showing up repeatedly in the story of our exile and redemption. Some well known examples are:
Moses was forty years in Mitzrayim, forty years in Midian, and forty years in the wilderness. Moses went up on mount Sinai three different times for forty days each.
The spies spied out the land for forty days.
The Children of Israel were in the wilderness for forty years.
The primary theme of Pesach is REDEMPTION. The Torah indicates that each of
HaShem's people was redeemed from
Micah 6:1-9 Listen to what HaShem says: "Stand up, plead your case before the
mountains; let the hills hear what you have to say. Hear, O mountains, HaShem’s
accusation; listen, you everlasting foundations of the earth. For HaShem has a
case against his people; he is lodging a charge against
Unless we see the Pesach as though HaShem had personally redeemed each of us, we will fail to understand what Pesach
is all about. Pesach is all about OUR redemption!
Shemot (Exodus) 13:14-16 "In days to come, when your son asks
you, 'What does this mean?' say to him, 'With a mighty hand HaShem brought us out
of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to
let us go, HaShem killed every firstborn in
As you study Pesach, notice how often the Torah addresses us personally.
Every redemption of the sons of
Israel will be patterned after the redemption from
Micah 7:12-17 In that day people will come to you from Assyria and the cities of
Egypt, even from Egypt to the Euphrates and from sea to sea and from mountain
to mountain. The earth will become desolate because of its inhabitants, as the
result of their deeds. Shepherd your people with your staff,
the flock of your inheritance, which lives by itself
in a forest, in fertile pasturelands. Let them feed in Bashan and
The Talmud also speaks of our future redemption in relation to Pesach:
Rosh HaShana 11a On New Year the
bondage of our ancestors in
Rosh HaShana 11b On New Year the bondage of our ancestors
ceased in
As you study prophecy regarding the "Acharit HaYamim”,
the end of days, notice the striking similarity of our future redemption, to our redemption from
The redemption from
Thus we see that the
Targum associates the “end of days” with the seventh day
of Pesach!
Moshe himself, the greatest of the Prophets and his sister, Miriam, who was also a great Prophetess, sing / sang the “the Song of the Sea”, which according to Chazal was not focused on the event that had just transpired, the splitting of the sea, but actually on the future of the people of Israel, specifically at the time of "Acharit HaYamim," the "End of Days".
Ok, lets continue our study of Passover, by examining the traditional Torah and Haftorah readings that the Sages have compiled for Pesach. These are the most important passages for us to remember as we look forward to our redemption. Notice that there are no Nazarean Codicil readings associated with this list, because the Nazarean Codicil were not yet written at the time that these readings were compiled.
Traditional
readings for Pesach
|
Date |
Torah[10] |
Nevi'im[11] |
Ketuvim[12] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nisan 14 |
Shemot (Exodus) 12:21-51 |
Yehoshua (Joshua) 3:5-7 |
Tehillim (Psalm) 113 - 118 |
|
|
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:16-25 |
Yehoshua (Joshua) 5:2 - 6:1 |
|
|
|
|
Yehoshua (Joshua) 6:27 |
|
|
Nisan 15 |
Vayikra (Leviticus) |
Melachim alef (I Kings) 23:1-9 |
Tehillim (Psalm) 113 - 118 |
|
Nisan 16-20 |
|
|
Tehillim (Psalm) 113, 114, 115:12-18, |
|
|
|
|
Tehillim (Psalm) 116:12-19, 117, 118 |
|
|
|
|
(Half Hallel) |
|
Intermediate Shabbat |
Shemot (Exodus) 33:12 - 34:26 |
Yehezekel (Ezekiel) 36:37- 37:14 |
Shir HaShirim (Song of Songs) |
|
Nisan 21 |
Shemot (Exodus) 13:17 - 15:26 |
Shmuel bet (II Samuel) 22:1-51 |
|
|
|
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25 |
|
|
|
Nisan 22 |
Devarim (Deuteronomy) 15:19 - 16:17 |
Yeshayahu (Isaiah) |
|
|
|
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25 |
|
|
Pesach and the Feast of Unleavened Bread, begin late in the afternoon of Nisan 14. This feast is an appointment with HaShem! The Passover seder begins after sunset at the beginning of Nisan 15. Nisan 15, Pesach, is therefore longer because we have added some time (eighteen minutes) from Nisan 14 to Nisan 15. Lets see where this is defined in the Torah:
Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:5 HaShem’s Passover begins at twilight on the
fourteenth day of the first month.
Shemot (Exodus) 13:4 Today, in the month of Abib, you are
leaving.
5768, September 2008
through September 2009 (approximately), marks the 3,328th anniversary of the
Exodus from
Now, lets examine a chronology of Yeshua's last week of life as it relates to Pesach: The Sages teach us that we do not celebrate Pesach because of the events which happened in Egypt during the days of Moshe. Rather, we celebrate Pesach, on Nisan 15, because this was the date, ordained before the creation of the world, for HaShem’s mighty acts of redemption.
The following is the chronology of Pesach week, in the days
of Mashiach ben Yoseph, which I learned from my teacher, His Eminence Hakham Dr. Yoseph ben Haggai:
EVENING (End of Nisan 12 Beginning of Nisan 13) - Tuesday evening that year
a. Sadducees search for Chametz
MORNING (Nisan 13) - Wednesday morning that year
b. Sadducees burn Chametz before mid-day
AFTERNOON (Nisan 13) - Wednesday about or after
c. Sadducees kill the Korban (lamb) Pesach
------------------------------------------------------------
Evening (End of Nisan 13 Beginning of Nisan 14) - Wednesday evening in that year:
a. Sadducees eat their Korban Pesach and have the Pesach Seder
b. Mashiach partakes with his Talmidim of this Korban Pesach (only on this year) since the dispute on when the Korban Pesach was to be killed was for the sake of heaven (i.e. that he could eat one and die on the other).
c. Pharisees search for the Chametz
Late evening (Nisan 14) Wednesday night that year:
a. Mashiach is
apprehended by the Temple
b. Mashiach is interrogated by the illegitimate High Priest and Priests and delivered to Pilate.
Morning (Nisan 14) - Thursday morning that year:
a. Pharisees dispose of the leaven
b. Mashiach is tried by Pilate and following the counsel of the illegitimate Priests is disposed of by being sentenced to death
Afternoon (Nisan 14) - Thursday afternoon at about
a. Mashiach dies hanging on a Roman cross at Maqom Gilgulet for sedition
b. Pharisees are killing their Korban Pesach
c. Mashiach is hurriedly laid in a borrowed tomb
------------------------------------------------------------
NISAN 15 - CHAG HAMATSAH
Evening (Ending Nisan 14 and beginning of Nisan 15) - Thursday evening of that year
a. Pharisees eat their Korban Pesach and have their Pesach Seder.
Morning and afternoon of Nisan 15 - Friday morning and afternoon of that year
b. Proper embalming of Mashiach
c. Door of tomb is sealed by order of the Kohanim (priests) with a great stone.
------------------------------------------------------------
NISAN 16 - SHABBAT CHOL HAMOED PESACH
Evening (Ending Nisan 15 and beginning Nisan 16) - Friday night of that year
a. Kabbalat Shabbat for all (Sadducees, Pharisees and Nazareans) - no work allowed.
Evening (Ending Nisan 16 and beginning Nisan 17) Saturday evening of that year
a. Mashiach is risen from the dead sometime during Shabbat.
b. Havdallah (many of the prayers in this service concern the topic of resurrection - and the ritual of extinguishing (transporting) a life (light) from the day (dimension) which is all Shabbat and injecting it into the dimension of time of the living on earth - the sea of wine on the dish)
------------------------------------------------------------
NISAN 17 - Yom Rishon [Chol HaMoed Pesach]
Evening (Ending Nisan 16 and beginning Nisan 17) Saturday evening of that year
a. Pharisees cut the first of the first fruits and start counting the Omer since the previous day was Shabbat
b. Sadducees also start counting the Omer
Dawn - Early morning Nisan 17 - Sunday morning that year
a. Women visit the tomb
b. Big earthquake
c. Soldiers guarding the tomb flee for their lives and inform the corrupt Kohanim of that time
d. Women are informed by an angel not to fear and that their Master has risen
e. Miriam is asked not to touch him since he is "not yet ascended (presented) to the Father"
Morning service Nisan 17 at the Temple - Sunday morning of that year
a. The Omer is waved by the High Priest before HaShem at the Bet HaMikdash
b. Mashiach ascends through the seven heavens (figurative of the seven days) and composed like the ashes of the red heifer of "ESH" (fire) and "MAYIM" (water) and which purify him from his state of ceremonial uncleanness to present himself as the wave offering (first of the first fruits) before HaShem's throne of Glory. The offering was accepted.
Afternoon Nisan 17 - Sunday afternoon of that year
a. Mashiach returns back that same day to earth and again transverses through the seven heavens (a figure of the seven days a person unclean by touching a corpse must wait before being purified, and composed like the waters of the Red Heifer of Aish (fire) and Mayim (water) and is purified once more).
b. "That very day" His Majesty appears to two of his very terrified Talmidim on the way to a village about seven miles from Yerushalayim called Amma'us and chats and teaches Torah to them.
------------------------------------------------------------
IYAR 18 - LAG B’OMER
Morning/Afternoon
After a period of forty days teaching his Talmidim after his resurrection (2 Luqas (Acts) 1:3), Mashiach ascends finally to the heavens (2 Luqas 1:6-11), awaiting his return at the time appointed by HaShem, Most Blessed be He!
In the Jewish year of 3828 on the ninth day of the month of
Av, the Romans destroyed the
When His Majesty King Yeshua was Lag B'Omer in age (thirty-three years of age) his body (temple) was put to death by the Roman execution of the cross.
I believe that when Yeshua ascended, He was fulfilling His obligation to send us a Comforter to instruct us in all wisdom, Amen and therefore triumph over Nebuchadnezzar and Pilate.
Notes:
a. Nowadays, and after the calendrical reform at the hands of the Pharisees who sit on Moshe’s seat of authority, the calendar has been so engineered as to prevent the counting of the Omer according to the Pharisees to ever coincide with the counting of the Omer according to the Sadducees as it happened that year.
b. Our contention is that in that year in which the events of the death of His Majesty took place (before the calendrical reform) the counting of the Omer occurred coincidentally on the same day for both Pharisees and Sadducees.
c. We further contend that the dispute concerning when to eat the Korban Pesach (the night beginning, or the night ending the 14th of Nisan) was one for the sake of Heaven, and which HaShem allowed so that His Mashiach could eat and partake of the Korban Pesach of the Sadducees and die at the same time that the Perushim were killing their Korban Pesach as Hakham Shaul (himself a Perushim) informs us in 1 Cor. 5:7.
Pesach is also an auspicious (an appointed time) time to beseech HaShem that He should give us parnas (wealth). Why is Pesach an auspicious time to beseech HaShem for wealth?
One of the things that we learned in the study titled FEASTS is that HaShem has a different type of energy or blessing for each day of the year when using His calendar. This explains why both the first and second Bet HaMikdash were destroyed on the same day. HaShem determined that this day (Tisha B’Av) was a day for troubles. We first saw this characteristic when the meraglim (the spies sent by Moshe) incited the people to cry because of the perceived problems with the land of Israel. HaShem said that because we cried, without reason, on this day, then He would make us cry on this day for good reasons.
With this background we can understand why Pesach is a time when we should beseech HaShem for parnas. When HaShem made the covenant between the parts with Avraham, He told Avraham that his descendants would come out of Egypt with great wealth.
Bereshit
(Genesis) 15:12-14 And when the sun
was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and,
lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him. 13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that
thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve
them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
14 And also that nation, whom they shall
serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.
What did HaShem mean when he told Avraham that his descendants would come out of Egypt with great wealth? To understand this question we have to understand that if a homeless man describes me as being rich, then all he has in mind is that I have food to eat. On the other hand, if Bill Gates tells someone that he is rich, then he has in mind that a person has more than sixty billion dollars. This concept also relates to HaShem. If HaShem says that He is going to make us very rich, then we must understand His perspective. Consider the following pasuk:
Tehillim
(Psalms) 50:10 For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills.
By this physical standard, HaShem is extremely wealthy. So wealthy, in fact, that He disdains physical wealth, though He has an abundance of physical wealth. So, our question is quite valid. What is HaShem’s standard when He promises that Avraham’s descendants will come out of Egypt with great wealth?
Consider that the Israelites did a couple of things on erev Pesach. They asked their neighbors for their wealth and they prepared the Pesach lamb for the seder.
Shemot
(Exodus) 11:1-2 And HaShem said unto Moses, Yet will I bring
one plague more
upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he
shall let you go, he shall
surely thrust you out hence altogether. 2
Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his
neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver, and jewels of
gold.
We learn from these two things that HaShem’s standard has both a physical and a
spiritual component, when it comes to His standard for wealth. He gave us the Pesach
mitzvot and the physical wealth of the Egyptians.
This wealth giving continued all of the way till the atzeret (conclusion) of
Pesach, on Shavuot.
How wealthy were the
Egyptians? If we remember that Joseph used the famine
to acquire all of the wealth of the Egyptians and all of the wealth of the rest
of the world, then we realize that the Egyptians were VERY wealthy. HaShem
literally moved the wealth of the world, to Egypt, so that He could fulfill His
promise to Avraham!
Bereshit
(Genesis) 41:55-57 And when all the land of Egypt was famished,
the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians,
Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do. 56
And the famine was over all the face of the
earth: And Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and
the famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt. 57
And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was
so sore in all lands.
On the seventh day of Pesach, Paro and his army were killed in
the Reed Sea and all of their wealth washed up on the
shore. Thus whatever last bit of wealth that remained in Egypt, this too was
delivered unto Avraham’s descendants.
Finally, on Shavuot
HaShem gave His people the Torah. This Torah was capable of giving eternal life
and more wealth than all the material wealth of the world.
Thus the wealth that
HaShem gave the descendant of Avraham, on Pesach, was composed of material and
spiritual wealth.
Now if
HaShem gave his people great wealth on Pesach in the
days of the Exodus, then we can see that Pesach is an auspicious time to
beseech HaShem for parnas, for wealth and livelihood.
Because Nisan 15 is appointed as a day for redemption,
we ought to be able to see other Torah events which have the same themes as the
redemption from
|
Event |
Delivered
from: |
Scripture |
|
|
|
|
|
Abram leaves |
The exile in |
Bereshit (Genesis) 15:6-16 |
|
Abram goes to |
Egyptian bondage and exile |
Bereshit (Genesis) |
|
Angels visit Abraham |
Circumcision pain |
Bereshit (Genesis) 18:1-18 |
|
Angels visit |
The |
Bereshit (Genesis) 19:1-29 |
|
Isaac is born and is Bound |
Jews delivered from death |
Bereshit (Genesis) 18:1-10 |
|
Yeshua is born and is bound |
Gentiles delivered from death |
Marqos (Mark) |
In the Haggada we read
of the following Pesach events:
Of old, You performed many miracles by night. At the beginning of the
first watch of this night.
To the righteous convert (Abraham) You gave victory when there was
divided for him the night.
You judged the king of Gerar (Abimelech with death) in a dream by night.
You frightened the Aramean (Laban) in the dark of night.
Israel (Jacob) fought with an angel and
overcame him by night.
The first-born children of the Egyptians You crushed at midnight.
They did not find their host when they arose at night.
You swept away the army of the prince of Charoshes (Sisera) with the stars of night.
The blasphemer (Senacherib) had planned to raise his hand against Jerusalem; You laid low his dead by night.
The idol Bel was overthrown, with its pedestal, in the darkness of the
night.
To Daniel, in whom You delighted, the secret vision was revealed at
night.
He who caroused from the holy vessels (Belshazzar) was slain on that same
night.
From the
lions' den was rescued he who interpreted the meaning of the terrors of the
night.
Haman bore hatred in his heart and wrote proscriptions
at night.
You
began Your triumph over him when You disturbed the sleep
of his king at night.
You will
tread the wine-press to help those who ask the watchman, 'Ah, when will there
be an end to the long night?'
He will
exclaim, like a watchman and say" 'Morning will come after this night.'
Bring
near the day (with the coming of Mashiach), that is
neither day nor night.
Show,
Most High, that Yours is the day as well as the night.
Appoint
watchmen to Your city (Jerusalem) by day and by night.
Illumine
as with the light of day, the darkness of the night.
The
following is said on the second night of Pesach. On the first night, skip the
next passages.
You displayed wondrously Your mighty powers on Passover.
Above all festivals You elevated Passover.
To the Oriental (Abraham)
You revealed the future midnight of Passover.
At his door You
knocked in the heat of the day on Passover.
He satiated the angels
with matza-cakes on Passover.
And he ran to the
herd, symbolic of the sacrificial beast of Passover.
The Sodomites provoked
(God) and were destroyed by fire on Passover.
Lot was withdrawn from
them, he had baked matzoth at the time of Passover.
You swept clean the
soil of Moph and Noph (Egypt) when You passed through on Passover.
God, You crushed every
firstborn of On (In Egypt) on the watchful night of Passover.
But Master, Your own
firstborn, You skipped by merit of the blood of
Passover.
Not to allow the
Destroyer to enter my doors on Passover.
The beleaguered
(Jericho) was besieged on Passover.
Midian was destroyed
with a barley cake from the Omer of Passover.
The princes of Pul and
Lud (Assyria) were consumed in a great conflagration on Passover.
He (Senacherib) would
have stood that day at Nob, but for the advent of Passover.
A hand inscribed the
destruction of Zul (Babylon) on Passover.
As the watch was set,
and the royal table decked on Passover.
Hadassah (Esther) gathered her people for a three day fast on
Passover.
You caused the head of
the evil clan (Haman) to be hanged on a fifty-cubit
gallows on Passover.
Doubly, will You bring
in an instant upon Utsis (Edom) on Passover.
Let Your hand be
strong, and Your right arm exalted as on the night when You hallowed the festival of Passover.
The Bereshit (Genesis) Pesach
Bereshit
(Genesis) 18:1-10 HaShem appeared to Abraham near the great trees of Mamre
while he was sitting at the entrance to his tent in the heat of the day.
Abraham looked up and saw three men standing nearby.
When he saw them, he hurried from the entrance of his tent to meet them and bowed
low to the ground. He said, "If I have found favor in your eyes, my lord,
do not pass your servant by. Let a little water be brought, and then you may
all wash your feet and rest under this tree. Let me get
you something to eat, so you can be refreshed and
then go on your way--now that you have come to your servant." "Very
well," they answered, "do as you say." So Abraham hurried into
the tent to Sarah. "Quick," he said, "get three se’ahs of
fine flour and knead it and bake some bread." Then he ran to the herd
and selected a choice, tender calf and gave it to a servant, who hurried to
prepare it. He then brought some curds and milk and the calf that had been
prepared, and set these before them. While they ate, he stood near them under a
tree. "Where is your wife Sarah?" they asked him. "There, in the
tent," he said. Then HaShem said, "I will surely return to you about
this time next year, and Sarah your wife will have a son." Now Sarah
was listening at the entrance to the tent, which was behind him.
The only kind of bread that you can make quickly is matza (unleavened bread). That same day the angels saw Lot:
Here we have an apparent Passover because of the
1. Unleavened bread.
2. The haste.
3. The leaving of
4. Bereshit
(Genesis)
The Midrash agrees with this assessment:
Midrash
Rabbah - Shemot (Exodus) XV:12 AND THEY SHALL TAKE OF THE BLOOD, AND PUT IT
ON THE TWO SIDE-POSTS (XII, 7): So that I may pass over
you and protect you.’ Take care that it be eaten that night, for it says: AND
THEY SHALL EAT THE FLESH IN THAT NIGHT, ROAST WITH FIRE
(XII, 8); ‘this is for the sake of Abraham whom I saved from the fiery furnace.
AND UNLEAVENED BREAD (ib.)-in honour of Sarah who prepared cakes for the
angels, though they did not taste bread.[13]
WITH BITTER HERBS (ib.)[14]
in honour of Jacob; for just as his sons were
persecuted in
As an aside: Why was HaShem visiting Abraham? If you look at the paragraph which precedes chapter 18, you will notice that Abraham has just circumcised himself and his household. The third day after his circumcision is the most painful day. Therefore, HaShem was visiting His friend, Abraham, who was sick. This is bikur cholim, visiting the sick!
At any rate,
Bereshit
(Genesis) 19:3 And he pressed
upon them greatly; and they turned in unto him, and entered into his house; and
he made them a feast, and did bake
unleavened bread, and they did eat.
This feast this Mishteh that
Esther 8:17
And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment
and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness,
a feast and a good day. And many of the
people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them.
Esther
9:17 On the thirteenth
day of the month Adar; and on the fourteenth day of the same rested they,
and made it a day of feasting and
gladness.
Esther
Esther
9:19 Therefore the Jews of the
villages, that dwelt in the unwalled towns, made the fourteenth day of the
month Adar [a day of] gladness and feasting,
and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
Esther
9:22 As the days wherein the Jews
rested from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow
to joy, and from mourning into a good day: that they should make them days of feasting and joy, and of sending portions one to
another, and gifts to the poor.
In Talmudic literature, the word Mishteh is ONLY used in connection with the Pesach seder and the Purim seudah. The Sages, therefore teach that this Pesach seder was also a Purim seudah! This was a combination feast!
Now lets see what two of those same
angels did, on that same day, for
Bereshit (Genesis) 19:1-3 The two angels arrived at
The sages understood that Isaac was born on Pesach. Take a look again at Bereshit (Genesis) 18:14, which is where we are told that Isaac will be born on the festival which Abraham was now celebrating. This began the 400 years spoken about in:
Bereshit (Genesis) 15:12-14 As the sun was setting, Abram fell into a
deep sleep, and a thick and dreadful darkness came
over him. Then HaShem said to him, "Know for
certain that your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and
they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. But I will
punish the nation they serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out with great
possessions.
The Talmud confirms this:
Rosh HaShana 10b It has been taught: R. Eliezer says: In
Tishri the world was created;
in Tishri the Patriarchs[15] were born; in Tishri the Patriarchs died;
on Passover Isaac was born; on New
Year Sarah, Rachel and Hannah were visited;[16] on New Year Joseph
went forth from prison
Rosh HaShana 11a Whence do we know that Isaac was born on
Passover? — Because it is written, On the [next] festival I will return unto
thee.[17] Now when was he [the angel] speaking?[18] Shall I say [he was speaking] on Passover
and referring to Pentecost? Could she bear in fifty days?[19] Shall I say then that [he was speaking on] Pentecost and was referring to Tishri? Even in five
months could she bear? I must suppose then that he was speaking on Tabernacles and referring to Passover.[20] Even so, could she bear in six months? — It
has been taught that that year was a leap year. All the same, if the Master
deducts the days of uncleanness,[21] the time is too short? — Mar Zutra replied:
Even those who hold that when a woman bears at nine months she does not give
birth before the month is complete[22] admit that if she bears at seven months she can give birth before the month is
complete, as it says, And it came to pass after the cycle
of days;[23] the minimum of cycles is two,
and the minimum of days is two.
The Egyptian Passover:
"Place of
Narrowness."
The Torah's name for
To be in "Mitzrayim" is to be in a place of confinement or distress --physical and/or spiritual.
With this in mind, lets examine the Pesach that took place in the days of Moses:
Shemot (Exodus) 12:1-14 HaShem said to
Moses and Aaron in
"This month shall be the beginning of months" is
the first commandment given to the entire nation of
According to this next passage,
Shemot (Exodus) 12:40-42 Now the length of time the Israelite people
lived in
Notice who came out of
Shemot (Exodus) 12:31-38 During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and
Aaron and said, "Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship
HaShem as you have requested. Take your flocks and herds, as you have said, and
go. And also bless me." The Egyptians urged the people to hurry and leave
the country. "For otherwise," they said, "we will all die!"
So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on
their shoulders in kneading troughs wrapped in clothing. The Israelites did as
Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold and
for clothing. HaShem had made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the
people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered the
Egyptians. The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on
foot, besides women and children. Many other people went up with them,
as well as large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.
So, not only Israelites, but Gentiles as well! This is significant because these
were the same folks who stood at the foot of
Two of the first things that HaShem
tells Moshe when sending him To take the Jews out of Egypt are that He is
rescuing them so as to bring them to Israel[24]
and that on their way out of Egypt, Moshe Should take them to Har Sinai[25].
Perhaps more than any other holiday, Pesach, as presented in Tanakh, represents
a major change in the Jewish people and their relationship to HaShem and the
* * *
Here is another story which is very much like the story of Moses and the Egyptian Passover:
Shoftim (Judges) 6:11-22 The angel of HaShem came and sat down under
the oak in Ophrah that belonged to Joash the Abiezrite, where his son Gideon
was threshing wheat in a winepress to keep it from the Midianites. When the
angel of HaShem appeared to Gideon, he said, "HaShem is with you, mighty
warrior." "But sir," Gideon replied, "if HaShem is with us,
why has all this happened to us? Where are all his wonders
that our fathers told us about when they said, 'Did not HaShem bring us up out
of
Here we see Gideon able to stand up to an angel and demand to know where his signs and wonders are. Throughout the Tanakh, when a man encountered an angel, he would fall on his face like a dead man. How did Gideon generate the strength to talk to an angel like this? The Sages teach us that it was the first day of Pesach and Gideon’s father had just inspired him at the seder table. Thus Gideon was imbued with the spiritual strength to stand up to the angel.
* * *
Bereshit
(Genesis) 15:9-16 So HaShem said to him,
"Bring me a heifer, a goat and a ram, each three
years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon." Abram brought all these
to him, cut them in two and arranged the halves opposite
each other; the birds, however, he did not cut in half. Then birds of prey came
down on the carcasses, but Abram drove them away. As the sun was setting, Abram
fell into a deep sleep, and a thick and dreadful
darkness came over him. Then HaShem said to him, "Know for certain that
your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be
enslaved and mistreated four hundred years. But I will punish the nation they
serve as slaves, and afterward they will come out with great possessions. You,
however, will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a good old age. In the
fourth generation your descendants will come back here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its full
measure."
This word "generation" means:
1755 dowr, dore; or (short.) dor, dore; from 1752; prop. a revolution of time, i.e. an age or generation; also a dwelling:-age, X evermore, generation, [n-] ever, posterity.
So, we can see that HaShem is using this ambiguous word to not only indicate a generation, but, also to indicate the fourth millennium (a cycle) after Abram which would put us at the beginning of the seventh millennium - The millennium ruled by Yeshua!
* * *
The following is a summary of all Biblical events that occurred during Pesach, that I have found so far:
14th
Fast-day of the first-born. Soferim 21
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 104. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Cain and Able offer their sacrifices. Bereshit
(Genesis) 4:3-5, PdRE, section
21, Yonaton b. Uziel
Mordecai and the Jews fast for the second day. Esther
4:16
Preparation day. Yochanan (John) 19:14, 31
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 37. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Levites still consecrating the temple in
Hezekiah's day, day 14. II Divrei Hayamim 29:17
Naomi and Ruth arrived
in Bethlehem. Targum,
Ruth 1:22
King Hezekiah fell critically ill. According
to Seder Olam, King Hezekiah was taken ill three days before the defeat of King
Sennacherib - day 3. 2 Kings 20:1, Seder Olam 23
Yeshua has a Pesach
seder. Yochanan (John) 13:1
Paschal lambs are killed at twilight. Shemot
(Exodus) 12:1-6
Pilate releases Barabbas. Matityahu (Matthew) 27:15-21
Yeshua was crucified. Yochanan (John) 19:42
Curtain of the temple
rent. Matityahu (Matthew) 27:51
Holy dead are raised to life. Matityahu
(Matthew) 27:52-53
Darkness came over all the land from the sixth
until the ninth hour. Matityahu (Matthew) 27:34-45
15th
Pesach
/ Hag ha-Matza. A Sabbath of Sabbaths (Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:6-7) (15 -
21) Shemot
(Exodus)
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 105. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Abram leaves Haran Shemot (Exodus) 12:40-41,
Bereshit
(Genesis) 12:1-10
God makes the "covenant between the
parts" with Abram. Bereshit (Genesis) 15:18, Seder Olam 5
Abraham learns of
God afflicts Pharaoh, orders Abram and Sarai
to leave
God afflicts Abimelech in a dream, regarding
Sarah. Bereshit (Genesis) 20, The Haggada
G-d made a covenant, between the parts, with
Abraham. Bereshit (Genesis)
Abraham is visited by angels and told that
Isaac will be born next year. Bereshit (Genesis) 18:10, Seder Olam 5
Lot entertains two angels, then
Isaac was born after a 7 month pregnancy, in a
leap year. Shemot (Exodus) 12:40-41, Bereshit (Genesis) 18, 19, Rosh
Hashanah
10b
Abraham binds Isaac (Akeida).
Bereshit
(Genesis) 22:1-18 (see the Zohar on Bereshit (Genesis) 28:11)
Isaac was sacrificed, according to the Rabbis.
Bereshit
(Genesis) 22
Isaac blesses Jacob. Bereshit (Genesis) 27:4; Yonatan b. Uziel; PdRE 2, Rashi on
Bereshit (Genesis) 27:9
God tells Laban to leave Jacob alone, in a
dream. Bereshit (Genesis) 31:24, The Haggada
Jacob wrestles with an angel. Bereshit
(Genesis) 32:24, The Haggada
God destroys
Death of Job. Jer. Sotah 5:8
Jacob and sixty-nine descendants enter
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 38. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Moses saw the burning bush. Shemot
(Exodus) 3:2, Bahya, Bo
Israelites in
Egyptian officials beg Moses and the
Israelites to leave. Shemot (Exodus) 11:8
Egyptians bury their firstborn. Shemot
(Exodus) 33:3-4
Israelites leave Rameses and journey towards
Succoth, day one. The Exodus begins! Shemot (Exodus) 12:48-51 - 2448 AM
All males to appear before HaShem in Jerusalem. Devarim (Deuteronomy) 16:16
Israelites celebrate Pesach in the Sinai desert.
Bamidbar
(Numbers) 9:1-5
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites celebrate
Pesach at Gilgal. Yehoshua (Joshua) 5:10
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites besiege
Gideon destroys Midian with the omer’s barley
cake. Shoftim (Judges) 7, Midrash Yalkut 62, The Haggada
HaShem swept away the army of the prince of Charoshes (Sisera) with the
stars of night. Shoftim (Judges) 4 and 5, The
Haggada
Levites still consecrating the temple in Hezekiah's
day, day 15. II Divrei Hayamim 29:17
God heals the people. II Divrei Hayamim 30:1-20
Exiles celebrated with joy because Assyrian
King to help with temple. Ezra 6:22
Josiah celebrates Pesach in the midst of
removing idolatry. Melachim bet (Melachim alef (I Kings))
The Assyrian army of Sennacherib, which
threatened
Nebuchadnezzar had a dream about a statue of
four metals. Daniel 2 and 3, The Haggada
The hand writing on the wall delivers a
message of judgment to Belshazzar. Daniel 5, The Haggada
Daniel is thrown into the lion's den. Daniel
6, The Haggada
Israelites who returned from Babylonian exile,
celebrated Pesach. Ezra 6:19-22
Vashti is executed by King Xerxes. Esther
1:21; Derash le-Purim
King Achashverosh has his sleep disturbed. Esther
6:1
Mordecai is honored by Haman and king
Achashverosh. Esther 5:1 - 6:10
Mordecai and the Jews fast for the third and last day. Esther
4:16
Esther invites the
king to feast. Esther 5:1-4, Seder Olam
29
To be celebrated during the millennium. Yehezekel
(Ezekiel) 45:21-24
Yochanan (John) the Baptist is born. Luqas
(Luke) 1:24
Joseph and Mary celebrate Pesach in
Yeshua performs miracles and is believed. Yochanan
(John) 2:23
Yeshua's first day in the grave. Matityahu
(Matthew) 27:62
Chief priests and
Pharisees get Pilate to make the tomb of Yeshua secure. Matityahu (Matthew) 27:62-66
Peter is arrested. II Luqas (Acts) 12:3
The day of vengeance when the winepress is
trodden. Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 63, The Haggada
The exile ends with
unique day, without daytime or nighttime. Zechariah 16:6, Micah
Haggada
Double misfortune will You bring in an instant
upon Utsis (
Pesach will be celebrated in Yehezekel
(Ezekiel)'s future. Yehezekel (Ezekiel) 45:21-22
Torah
section is Shemot (Exodus) 12:21-51;
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25. Haftorah
is Yehoshua (Joshua) 5:2 - 6:1.
16th
Hag
ha-Matza - Second day. A partial Sabbath (Mishna: Seder Moed: Tractate Moed
Katan). Shemot (Exodus) 12:17-20
The Omer or the day
after Pesach - bread of the FIRSTFRUITS (Pharisees) Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:15
The Omer is offered. Vayikra (Leviticus) 23:14, Rambam, Temidin U'Musafin 7:2-17
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 106. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Birth of Levi. Midrash Tadshe, Midrash Yalkut 1
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 39. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Israelites leave Rameses and journey towards
Succoth, for three days. Shemot (Exodus) 12:48-51
The supply of manna was exhausted. Kiddushin 38a
The Omer was offered for the first time by
Jews in
Israelites eat produce of the promised land
(2488 BCE). Yehoshua (Joshua) 5:11
Bread from heaven
(Manna) stopped. Yehoshua (Joshua) 5:12
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites march
around
An angel ordered Gideon to attack the
Midianites. Shoftim (Judges)
King Saul’s seven sons were killed. Midrash Rabbah,
Naso, ch.8
David and his men eat consecrated bread. Luqas
(Luke) 6:1-5 and 1 Samuel 21:1-6? [26]
Hezekiah finishes consecrating the
Esther, Haman, and
the king feast. King kills Haman. Esther 5:5-5
Haman was hanged. Esther 7:10, Seder Olam 29
Mordecai becomes chief minister in place of
Haman. Esther 8:2
Cyrus, King of Persia, captured
Yeshua's disciples
pick grain on the day (partial Sabbath) after
Pesach. Luqas (Luke) 6:1,
Matityahu
(Matthew) 12:1 - 13:30 2
Yeshua tells the parable of the wheat and the
tares. Matityahu (Matthew) 13:24-30
Yeshua heals the man with the withered hand. Matityahu
(Matthew) 12:9-16
Yeshua gives sight and hearing to a demon
possessed man. Matityahu (Matthew) 12:22-23
Yeshua tells the parable of the wheat and the
tares. Matityahu (Matthew) 13:24-30
Two Miryams prepared spices and perfumes to
embalm Yeshua. Luqas (Luke) 23:56
Yeshua's second day in the tomb. Yochanan
(John) 19:30-36
Torah
section is Vayikra (Leviticus)
17th
Hag
ha-Matza - Third day. Shemot (Exodus) 12:17-20
The Omer, day 2.
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 107. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 40. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Israelites leave Rameses and journey towards
Succoth, day two. Shemot (Exodus) 12:48-51
Moses collects Joseph's
bones. Shemot (Exodus) 13:19
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites march
around
Haman’s plans came to naught. Esther
Resurrection Sabbath. Yeshua rose from the dead, at the end of the
third day. It is a Sabbath. Matityahu (Matthew) 12:48
Yeshua heals the man with a withered hand on
the Sabbath after Pesach. Luqas (Luke) 6:6-11
Peter is arrested and imprisoned by Herod. II
Luqas (Acts) 12:3
Torah
section is Shemot (Exodus) 13:1-16;
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25. There is no Haftorah.
18th
Hag
ha-Matza - Fourth day. Shemot (Exodus) 12:17-20
The Omer, day 3.
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 108. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 41. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Pharaoh was informed that the Hebrew slaves
had escaped. Shemot (Exodus) 14:5,
Rashi
Israelites journey from Succoth to Etham, day
one. Shemot
(Exodus) 13:20
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites march
around
Yeshua, at 12 years old, stays in
God removes Yeshua's grave covering stone. Marqos
(Mark) 16:2-4
Two Miryams come to Yeshua's tomb to embalm
Him. Yochanan
(John) 20:1-9
Yeshua tells the women not to touch Him. Yochanan
(John) 20:17
Yeshua’s alive! It is resurrection day 1.
Yeshua opens the scriptures on the road to
Emmaus. Luqas (Luke) 24:13
Yeshua shows Himself
to ten apostles in the upper room, the evening of the first day of the week. Yochanan
(John) 20:19
Torah
section is Shemot (Exodus) 22:24 - 23:19;
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25. There is no Haftorah.
19th
Hag
ha-Matza - Fifth day. Shemot (Exodus) 12:17-20
The Omer, day 4.
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 109. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 42. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Pharaoh set out in pursuit of the Israelites. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:5, Rashi
Israelites journey from Succoth
to Etham, day two. Shemot (Exodus) 13:20
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites march
around
Yeshua appears to the ten
apostles. Yochanan (John) 20:19, Luqas (Luke) 24:21-36
Yeshua’s alive! It is resurrection
day 2.
Torah
section is Shemot (Exodus) 33:12 - 34:26;
Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25. There is no Haftorah.
20th
Hag
ha-Matza - Sixth day. Shemot (Exodus) 12:17-20
The Omer, day 5.
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 110. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 43. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Israelites journey from Succoth to Etham, day
three. Shemot (Exodus) 13:20
Pharaoh and his army caught up with the
Israelites. Shemot (Exodus) 14:5,
Rashi
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites march
around
Yeshua’s alive! It is resurrection day 3.
Yeshua needs the sprinkling for touching the
dead. Bamidbar (Numbers) 19:11-13
Torah
section is Bamidbar (Numbers) 9:1-14;
28:19-25. There is no Haftorah.
21rst
Hag
ha-Matza - Seventh day. Shemot (Exodus) 12:17-20
The Omer, day 6.
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 111. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
HaShem wipes out the world with water in
Noah's day. Noah and his family preserved. Bereshit (Genesis) 6:6-7 - TC, AC
Jacob left Laban’s home to return to
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 44. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot, page 61.
Pharaoh’s decree against Israelite male
infants was canceled. Sotah 12b
Israelites camp at the tower, towards the mouth of the gorges, opposite the hidden
destroyer. Shemot (Exodus) 33:7
Israelites are baptized
in the
God removes wheels from Egyptian chariots. Shemot
(Exodus) 14:24-25
God destroys Pharaoh's army, chariots, and
horses with water. Shemot (Exodus) 14:21-28, TC, AC
Moses and Miriam sing the song of Moses to
HaShem. Shemot (Exodus) 15
God refines
Israelites crave meat from God. Bamidbar
(Numbers) 11:4, TC [27]
God forms the Sanhedrin from the spirit of
Moses. Bamidbar (Numbers) 11:16-25, TC
Yehoshua (Joshua) and the Israelites march
around
Yehoshua
(Joshua) 6:1ff
God destroys Sicera's army, chariots, and
horses with water. Shoftim (Judges) 4:4 - 5:31, TC
Deborah holds court to decide disputes of the
Israelites. Shoftim (Judges) 4:4-5, TC
Deborah sings a song to HaShem.
Shoftim
(Judges) 5, TC
David sings a song to HaShem. 2
Samuel 22, AC [28]
Yeshua’s alive! It is resurrection
day 4.
Peter is freed by an angel. Act
12:3-10
Disciples were
gathered together for prayer. II Luqas (Acts) 12:3-12
Peter is
released from prison by an angel. Peter went to Mary's house (the mother of
Yochanan (John) Marqos (Mark))
II Luqas (Acts) 12:3-12
Herod searches
for Peter, cross examines guards, executes guards, and travels from Judea to
II Luqas (Acts)
This is the day
God will destroy the wicked and baptize
the righteous with fire. Matityahu (Matthew)
TC
Solemn Assembly required on this last day of
the Hag ha-Matza. Devarim (Deuteronomy) 16:8
Torah section is Shemot
(Exodus) 13:17 - 15:26; Bamidbar (Numbers) 28:19-25. Haftorah is 2 Samuel 22:1-51.
22nd
The Omer, day 7, week
1.
Water swells on the earth in the days of Noah.
Day 112. Bereshit (Genesis) 7:24
Isaac is circumcised. Bereshit (Genesis) 21:4, Shemot (Exodus)
12:40-41, Bereshit (Genesis) 18, 19, Rosh
Hashanah 10b
Yocheved hides Moses after a 6 month and one
day pregnancy - day 45. Artscroll Mesorah on Shavuot,
page 61.
Israelites start crossing the
Yehoshua (Joshua) begins his march around
Zechariah and Elizabeth circumcise, and name,
Yochanan (John) the Baptist. Luqas (Luke) 1:57-63
Yeshua, at twelve years old, stays in
Yeshua’s alive! It is resurrection
day 5.
Paul leaves Philippi
after spending three months there. Day 1 II Luqas (Acts) 20:6
Yehoshua (Joshua) observed Pesach just before eating the produce of the land:
Yehoshua (Joshua) 5:10-12 On the evening of the fourteenth
day of the month, while camped at Gilgal on the plains of
The bread from heaven stopped the day after Pesach... hmmm…
In the time of Yehoshua (Joshua), Pesach was the time when
the generation born in the desert finally got circumcised[29]
bringing them into the covenant with HaShem. Pesach also coincided with the end, of the manna[30].
Many people think that the point of the manna stopping was for the Jews to learn how to eat
"the hard way" by planting and growing their own food. However, we
are told explicitly[31]
that the food of
Josiah celebrated Pesach prior
to his revival
Melachim bet (II Kings)) 23:21-23 The king gave this order to all the people:
"Celebrate the Passover to HaShem your God, as it is written in this Book
of the Covenant." Not since the days of the judges who led
Hezekiah celebrated Passover
Divrei Hayamim 30:1-20 Hezekiah sent word to all
The first major prophecies given for
Divrei Hayamim 35:1-19 Josiah celebrated the Passover to HaShem in
Jerusalem, and the Passover lamb was slaughtered on the
fourteenth day of the first month. He appointed the priests to their duties and encouraged them in the
service of HaShem’s temple. He said to the Levites,
who instructed all Israel and who had been
consecrated to HaShem: "Put the sacred ark in the temple that Solomon son
of David king of
Although the Book of Samuel makes no direct mention of
Passover’s observance, we are told[38]
that the Pesach celebration of Josiah was the greatest one since the time of
Samuel. The implication is that during Samuel's time Pesach was observed. In
Shmuel alef (I Samuel) 7, we are told of how Samuel got all the Jews to repent, after which they were able to
re-conquer parts of
In the days of Josiah, it became clear that exile was imminent. Josiah The King started a last gasp
teshuva movement, but he was hardly trying to avoid exile. After all, the
prophetess Hilda had already informed him that no matter how righteous he was,
the biggest reward that HaShem was offering was to
bring the exile after Josiah's death[45].
No exile at all wasn't an option. So, Josiah wasn't trying to avoid exile.
Rather, he was trying to do what he knew was right, even though things seemed
hopeless. Regardless of the approaching exile, he saw it necessary to make a new covenant with HaShem[46].
Much as the people settled the land with the observance of, they observed
Pesach again when they knew things were hopeless. The comparison[47]
between the Passovers of Josiah and Samuel as the biggest Passovers brings out
the parallel between the gradual establishment of Children of Israel in
The returning Babylonian exiles celebrated Passover:
Ezra 6:19-21 On the fourteenth day of the first month,
the exiles celebrated the Passover. The priests
and Levites had purified themselves and were all ceremonially clean. The
Levites slaughtered the Passover lamb for all the exiles, for their brothers
the priests and for themselves. So the Israelites who had returned from the
exile ate it, together with all who had separated themselves from the unclean
practices of their Gentile neighbors in order to
seek HaShem, the God of
The Passover of Zerubbabel once again kept with the theme of
returning to HaShem and settling